Tailwater recovery systems can improve water quality: An area ripe for research in cranberry agriculture

Abstract

Tailwater recovery (TWR) systems, which divert phosphorus-rich drainage water from cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) farms into reservoirs, have the potential to improve water quality of freshwater lakes in Massachusetts. However, residents and environmentalists have questioned the potential water quality benefits of TWR systems. In the southeastern United States, research shows that TWR systems decrease agricultural inputs of phosphorus (P) to surface water by 23%–92%. Additionally, a case study in Massachusetts demonstrated the efficacy of TWR and other best management practices in reducing P concentrations in White Island Pond. Although TWR systems appear effective as part of a P management strategy, more research is needed to quantify their environmental benefits and allay public concerns. We propose filling three critical research gaps to strengthen and broaden support for TWR systems in cranberry agriculture in Massachusetts: (1) quantifying physical properties, (2) quantifying water storage potential, and (3) quantifying P retention capacity.

Core Ideas

• Excess phosphorus (P) from cranberry farms may contribute to the eutrophication of freshwater lakes.
• Agricultural tailwater recovery (TWR) systems are increasingly used to conserve water and improve water quality.
• Earth removal, critical to create TWR ponds and provide sand for cranberry farms, has drawn public opposition.
• Research and case studies indicate TWR systems may decrease P inputs from cranberry farms to surface water.
• Long-term monitoring, research, and stakeholder engagement are needed to assess efficacy of cranberry TWR systems.