Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: clinical manifestations, maternal, and perinatal outcomes

Abstract

Background and objective: The current COVID-19 pandemic has become a main health threat worldwide and concerns have been raised regarding the effect of the Covid-19 infection on the wellbeing of pregnant women and their unborn baby. This study aimed to determine the clinical manifestations in addition to maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the Maternity Teaching Hospital and some private obstetric clinics in Erbil city/Kurdistan region, Iraq. The study started from the 1st April 2020 until the end of April of 2021. Seventy-one women who represent all infectedwithCOVID-19 during that period during pregnancy who were 16 years old or more were included in the study. Swabs were taken from nasopharynx by citoswab were diagnosed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain (qRT-PCR) at central laboratory of Erbil city/Iraq. The data were collected through direct interview with the patients using a special questionnaire, prepared for this purpose. Results: More than half (53.5%) of participants were 25-34 years old, 80.3% of women were housewives and 29.6% of them were illiterate. The majority (87.3%) of women did not have chronic illnesses and 43.7% of them were in second trimester during COVID-19 infection. The following symptoms were reported: fever (91.5%), cough (80.3%), headache (77.5%), weakness (73.2%), loss of smell (69%), aguesia (67.6%), sore throat (66.2%), arthralgia and myalgia (64.8%), flu like illness (62%), dyspnea (39.4 %), and diarrhea and/or vomiting (26.8%). The majority (84.51%) of women did notreport any fetal complications or none has happened and 1.4% of the fetuses suffered from fetal distress and FGR. Caesarean section was the commonest mode of delivery. A significant statistical association was found between age group and fetal complications suggesting that fetal complications increased with becoming older. Conclusion: Manifestations such as fever, sore throat, cough, headache, fatigue, loss of smell and taste, arthralgia and myalgia were commonly observed in Covid-19 pregnant patients. Cough was still the highest reported symptom followed by weakness and dyspnea even six months post Covid-19 infection. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were observed in pregnant patients infected with Covid-19.