Fingerprinting the geochemical signals of episodic arc activity in the Sierra Nevada batholith in space and time

K. Ardill, Snir Attia, V. Memeti, S. Paterson
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Abstract

Although subduction is a continuous process, arc system behavior is non-steady-state, leading to uncertainty surrounding the composite spatial and temporal evolution of transcrustal arc magma plumbing systems. This study integrates field, geochronologic, and geochemical data sets from the central Sierra Nevada arc section to investigate the extent to which spatial inheritance is recorded in arc geochemical compositions, and how these signals may be modified by dynamic arc behaviors through time, from arc-wide flare-ups, migration, and crustal thickening to regional magma focusing. Geochemical patterns across Mesozoic arc rocks characterize persistent spatial signals of inheritance, whereas geochemical trends during Cretaceous arc activity provide the temporal component of simultaneous dynamic processes. Distinct bulk-rock isotopic signals define each of the three Mesozoic magmatic flare-ups, which, during Cretaceous arc magmatism, is coupled with eastward arc migration. Additionally, Cretaceous magmatic and tectonic thickening doubled the thickness of arc crust, and magmatism was focused toward a central zone, culminating in the formation of the ∼1100 km2 Tuolumne Intrusive Complex. During magma focusing, temporal signals of magma mixing outweighed the previously pervasive signal of spatial inheritance. Distinct dynamic behaviors effectively primed the arc by the Late Cretaceous, generating transcrustal hot zones of increased magma mixing, recycling, long-term storage, and homogenization. Non-steady-state behavior in the Sierra Nevada resulted in mountain building and voluminous continental crust formation by transforming the physical, thermal, and chemical properties of the lithosphere over tens of millions of years.
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内华达山脉岩床偶发弧活动地球化学信号的时空指纹识别
虽然俯冲是一个连续的过程,但弧系统的行为是非稳态的,这导致了围绕跨地壳弧岩浆管道系统的复合空间和时间演化的不确定性。这项研究整合了来自内华达山脉中部弧段的野外、地质年代和地球化学数据集,以研究弧地球化学成分在多大程度上记录了空间继承性,以及这些信号如何随着时间的推移而被动态的弧行为所改变,从全弧形耀斑、迁移、地壳增厚到区域岩浆聚焦。中生代弧岩的地球化学模式描述了持续的空间继承信号,而白垩纪弧岩活动期间的地球化学趋势则提供了同时发生的动态过程的时间成分。中生代三次岩浆爆发都有不同的块岩同位素信号,在白垩纪弧岩岩浆活动期间,岩浆爆发与弧岩东移同时发生。此外,白垩纪岩浆和构造增厚使弧壳厚度增加了一倍,岩浆向中心地带集中,最终形成了面积达 1100 平方公里的图奥卢姆内侵入复合体。在岩浆集中过程中,岩浆混合的时间信号超过了之前普遍存在的空间继承信号。到晚白垩世时,不同的动态行为有效地启动了弧,产生了岩浆混合、循环、长期储存和同质化加剧的跨地壳热区。内华达山脉的非稳态行为在数千万年的时间里改变了岩石圈的物理、热和化学性质,从而导致了山脉的形成和大量大陆地壳的形成。
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