Gender differences in diet quality and the association between diet quality and BMI: an analysis in young Australian adults who completed the Healthy Eating Quiz

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI:10.1111/jhn.13309

Sasha Fenton, Lee M. Ashton, Daniel C. W. Lee, Clare E. Collins

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Abstract

Background

Many young adults report poor diet quality. However, research evaluating whether young adult males and females differ in diet quality is limited. Additionally, although diet quality has a known inverse association with body mass index (BMI), it is unclear whether this association is observed in young adults and whether it varies by gender. The present study aimed to evaluate gender differences in diet quality in young adults, as well as the associations between diet quality and BMI.

Methods

Data collected via the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) in respondents aged 18–35 years between July 2019 and December 2021 were analysed, including demographics, and diet quality calculated using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Differences in characteristics were analysed using a two-sample t-test, chi-squared and one-way analysis of covariance. Linear regressions were performed to estimate associations between diet quality and BMI. An interaction term was included in the model to test differences between genders.

Results

The respondents (n = 28,969) were predominantly female (70.8%) with a mean ± SD age of 25.9 ± 5.0 years and BMI of 24.6 ± 5.2 kg/m². The mean ± SD ARFS was significantly different between females and males (33.1 ± 8.6 vs. 31.4 ± 9.3 points out of 70; p < 0.001). Diet quality had a small, significant inverse association with BMI in both genders. The interaction effect between diet quality score and gender in predicting BMI was significant (p < 0.001), suggesting the impact of diet quality on BMI varies by gender, with lower diet quality more strongly associated with higher BMI in females compared to males.

Conclusion

Interventions that target young adults are needed to improve diet quality and its potential contribution to BMI status. As a result of the small observed effect sizes, caution should be applied in interpreting these findings.

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饮食质量的性别差异以及饮食质量与体重指数之间的关系：对完成健康饮食测验的澳大利亚年轻成年人的分析

背景许多青壮年都表示自己的饮食质量很差。然而，评估青壮年男性和女性在饮食质量方面是否存在差异的研究却很有限。此外，虽然已知饮食质量与体重指数（BMI）呈反向关系，但目前还不清楚在青壮年中是否观察到这种关系，以及这种关系是否因性别而异。本研究旨在评估青壮年饮食质量的性别差异，以及饮食质量与体重指数之间的关联。方法分析了2019年7月至2021年12月期间通过健康饮食测验（HEQ）收集的18-35岁受访者的数据，包括人口统计学数据，以及使用澳大利亚推荐食物评分（ARFS）计算的饮食质量。采用双样本 t 检验、卡方检验和单向协方差分析对特征差异进行了分析。对饮食质量和体重指数之间的关系进行线性回归估计。结果受访者（n = 28 969）主要为女性（70.8%），平均（± SD）年龄为 25.9 ± 5.0 岁，体重指数为 24.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2。女性和男性的平均（± SD）ARFS 显著不同（70 分中的 33.1 ± 8.6 分 vs. 31.4 ± 9.3 分；p < 0.001）。饮食质量与体重指数（BMI）之间存在微小而显著的负相关。饮食质量得分与性别在预测体重指数方面的交互效应显著（p < 0.001），表明饮食质量对体重指数的影响因性别而异，与男性相比，女性饮食质量较低与体重指数较高的关系更为密切。由于观察到的效应大小较小，在解释这些发现时应谨慎。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.