{"title":"Mobilization of Science: St. Petersburg University during the Crimean War","authors":"T. N. Zhukovskaya","doi":"10.1134/s1019331623090137","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The attitude of university intellectuals to the events of the Eastern War of 1853–1856 and the degree of involvement of the university community in helping the front are discussed based on archival sources and published memoirs. Back at the very beginning of the war, military formation training was introduced in higher education institutions and gymnasiums in Russia, and lectures on artillery and fortification began at St. Petersburg University. The memoirs of F.N. Ustryalov and the diary of A.V. Nikitenko convey the reaction of representatives of the “learned class” to the events in the theaters of war, as well as to the forced transformation of the educational process. The materials of the university and departmental records contain information about the size and forms of material assistance of educational institutions to the front, such as collecting donations to the “heroes of Sevastopol” and the widows and families of the victims. According to sources of personal origin, the dynamics of sentiments in the university environment can be traced—from patriotic enthusiasm and readiness of the students to join the army to public pessimism caused by the military defeat of the Russian Empire. Let us add that in the summer and fall of 1854, St. Petersburg and Moscow universities were used as a place to accommodate British sailors captured in the Black Sea, who were considered by Nicholas I as mediators in search of a diplomatic settlement or mitigation of the conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":56335,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1019331623090137","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The attitude of university intellectuals to the events of the Eastern War of 1853–1856 and the degree of involvement of the university community in helping the front are discussed based on archival sources and published memoirs. Back at the very beginning of the war, military formation training was introduced in higher education institutions and gymnasiums in Russia, and lectures on artillery and fortification began at St. Petersburg University. The memoirs of F.N. Ustryalov and the diary of A.V. Nikitenko convey the reaction of representatives of the “learned class” to the events in the theaters of war, as well as to the forced transformation of the educational process. The materials of the university and departmental records contain information about the size and forms of material assistance of educational institutions to the front, such as collecting donations to the “heroes of Sevastopol” and the widows and families of the victims. According to sources of personal origin, the dynamics of sentiments in the university environment can be traced—from patriotic enthusiasm and readiness of the students to join the army to public pessimism caused by the military defeat of the Russian Empire. Let us add that in the summer and fall of 1854, St. Petersburg and Moscow universities were used as a place to accommodate British sailors captured in the Black Sea, who were considered by Nicholas I as mediators in search of a diplomatic settlement or mitigation of the conflict.
期刊介绍：
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences provides a broad coverage of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ activities. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions with participation of the members of Russian Academy of Sciences, leading scientists in Russia and worldwide and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world.
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