Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Mineral Quality of Selected Boreholes and Stream Waters in Elele Community, Rivers State, Nigeria West Africa

NA Okonkwo, SN Awolo, OA Ikeh, CE Anarado, VO Mgboh, G. Otobo
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Abstract

The analysis of the quality of drinking water from selected boreholes in Elele Community of Rivers State was conducted. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards. The physicochemical parameters values obtained were as follows: colour (all clear), pH (4.09 – 7.04 with mean value of 5.11. which is slightly acidic), temperature (24.5 -32.0 with mean value of 29.2), total dissolved solids (5-180 mg/l with mean value of 46.6 mg/l), conductivity (8-242  μs/cm with mean value of 63μs/cm), chloride (<1.0-24.7 mg/l), total hardness (<0.2 mg/l), calcium (<0.08), magnesium (<0.05mg/l), total alkalinity (4.0 – 8.0mg/l with mean value of 5.0), sulphate (<1.0mg/l), phosphate (<0.05 mg/l), and nitrate (<0.2 – 5.92mg/l), all of which did not exceed WHO standards, except for turbidity values in STN 7and 8 (5.51 and 7.40 NTU) which were slightly above the standard. For mineral analyses, Fe was in compliance with the standards, so also was Mn, except for STN 1 and 2 (2.576 and 0.471ppm) which were slightly above the limits. For microbiological analyses, FCB and TCB were less than detection limit, while THB values (2.4 x 102 – 8.0 x 102 efu/ml) all exceeded the WHO limits for portable water, which is the major source of contamination of the water samples. However, these variations in the results were not too pronounced to cause serious health hazards, since most of the parameters analyzed met the WHO limit and others which did not meet were slightly above the limit. But, this does not rule out completely the need for appropriate treatment of these water sources for portability and safe drinking. Recommendations on the strategies to reduce/eliminate some of the pollutants in the water were made.
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西非尼日利亚河流州 Elele 社区部分井水和溪水的物理化学、微生物和矿物质质量
对河流州 Elele 社区部分井眼的饮用水水质进行了分析。分析结果与世界卫生组织的标准进行了比较。获得的理化参数值如下:颜色(均为透明)、pH 值(4.09 - 7.04,平均值为 5.11,呈微酸性)、温度(24.5 - 32.0,平均值为 29.2)、溶解性总固体(5-180 毫克/升,平均值为 46.6 毫克/升)、电导率(8-242 μs/cm,平均值为 63μs/cm)、氯化物(<1.0-24.7 毫克/升)、总硬度(<0.2 毫克/升)、钙(<0.08)、镁(<0.05 毫克/升)、总碱度(4.0 - 8.0 毫克/升,平均值为 5.0)、硫酸盐(<1.0 毫克/升)、磷酸盐(<0.05 毫克/升)和硝酸盐(<0.2 - 5.92 毫克/升),除 STN 7 和 STN 8 的浊度值(5.51 和 7.40 NTU)略高于标准外,其余均未超过世界卫生组织的标准。在矿物质分析方面,除 STN 1 和 2(2.576 和 0.471ppm)略高于限值外,铁和锰均符合标准。在微生物分析方面,FCB 和 TCB 低于检测限值,而 THB 值(2.4 x 102 - 8.0 x 102 efu/ml)均超过了世界卫生组织对便携式水的限值,而便携式水是水样的主要污染源。不过,由于大多数分析参数都符合世卫组织的限值,其他不符合限值的参数也略高于限值,因此这些结果的差异并不明显,不会对健康造成严重危害。但是,这并不能完全排除对这些水源进行适当处理以方便携带和安全饮用的必要性。就减少/消除水中某些污染物的策略提出了建议。
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