Statistical modeling and optimization of clad geometry in laser cladding of Amdry 961 on Inconel 713LC superalloy with response surface methodology

Abstract

In this study, Inconel 713LC superalloy was laser-clad with Amdry 961 powder using a 1 kW fiber laser. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of laser power, duty cycle, and scanning speed on the deposited bead's geometry (width, height, and clad angle) and the dilution ratio. Interestingly, higher laser power and duty cycle increased bead width, clad angle, and dilution ratio but decreased bead height, while the opposite effect was observed for scanning speed. The process optimization was performed by a simultaneous optimization technique. This technique identified the ideal parameters: a laser power of 840 W, a duty cycle of 79.5%, and a scanning speed of 4.38 mm/s. These settings effectively optimized clad properties, with mean absolute errors of 7.96% for clad width, 14.74% for clad height, 16.71% for clad angle, and 5.166% for dilution ratio. These values demonstrate the precision of optimized parameter settings.