Lili Wang, Fengling Wang, Enqiang Mao, Erzhen Chen, Dayu Chen, Linyu Wang, Yusi Qiu, Xiaolan Bian, Yan Li, Juan He
{"title":"Pulmonary coinfection by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus terreus in an ITP patient after corticosteroid therapy: A case report","authors":"Lili Wang, Fengling Wang, Enqiang Mao, Erzhen Chen, Dayu Chen, Linyu Wang, Yusi Qiu, Xiaolan Bian, Yan Li, Juan He","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230051","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis are both life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections. There are only few reports of coinfection by these two fungi in the literature, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is the predominant <i>Aspergillus</i> species in the coinfection. We report here the first case of coinfection by <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> and <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia and caspofungin can be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of the coinfection. A 51-year-old man with a history of immune thrombocytopenia treated with prednisone over 2 months was admitted to emergency intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure and a cavity was found on chest computed tomography. Therefore, his trachea was immediately intubated. The patient was treated with a large spectrum of antibiotic regimen, consisting initially of imipenem/cilastatin, moxifloxacin and fluconazole followed by fluconazole, imipenem/cilastatin, vancomycin, trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and azithromycin. When the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage sample revealed <i>P. jirovecii</i> and <i>A. terreus</i>, all the antibiotics were stopped except TMP-SMZ, and voriconazole was added. Two weeks later, the patient showed clinical improvement but radiological deterioration. Consequently, caspofungin was started for salvage therapy, then the patient showed gradual clinical improvement. He was discharged with oral voriconazole and TMP-SMZ. The antifungal treatment was continued for 6 months until complete radiological absorption. In conclusion, early bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid should be considered in order to diagnose and treat promptly in those treated with corticosteroids combined with immunocompromised and caspofungin could be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of coinfection by <i>P. jirovecii</i> and <i>A. terreus</i>.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"VIEW","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230051","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis are both life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections. There are only few reports of coinfection by these two fungi in the literature, and Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant Aspergillus species in the coinfection. We report here the first case of coinfection by Aspergillus terreus and P. jirovecii pneumonia and caspofungin can be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of the coinfection. A 51-year-old man with a history of immune thrombocytopenia treated with prednisone over 2 months was admitted to emergency intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure and a cavity was found on chest computed tomography. Therefore, his trachea was immediately intubated. The patient was treated with a large spectrum of antibiotic regimen, consisting initially of imipenem/cilastatin, moxifloxacin and fluconazole followed by fluconazole, imipenem/cilastatin, vancomycin, trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and azithromycin. When the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage sample revealed P. jirovecii and A. terreus, all the antibiotics were stopped except TMP-SMZ, and voriconazole was added. Two weeks later, the patient showed clinical improvement but radiological deterioration. Consequently, caspofungin was started for salvage therapy, then the patient showed gradual clinical improvement. He was discharged with oral voriconazole and TMP-SMZ. The antifungal treatment was continued for 6 months until complete radiological absorption. In conclusion, early bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid should be considered in order to diagnose and treat promptly in those treated with corticosteroids combined with immunocompromised and caspofungin could be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of coinfection by P. jirovecii and A. terreus.
期刊介绍:
View publishes scientific articles studying novel crucial contributions in the areas of Biomaterials and General Chemistry. View features original academic papers which go through peer review by experts in the given subject area.View encourages submissions from the research community where the priority will be on the originality and the practical impact of the reported research.