Individual differences in the discounting of combination outcomes in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses

IF 1.4 3区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI:10.1002/jeab.929
Ke Ning, Leonard Green, Joel Myerson
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Abstract

The vast majority of studies on discounting have focused on simple delayed outcomes, but most everyday decisions are more complicated. The present experiment focused on one such scenario, an iconic self-control situation in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses. The same participants were studied in all conditions to permit examination of individual differences in choice behavior using intercorrelations and factor analysis. Consistent with previous research, the hyperboloid model accurately described the form of the discounting function and discounting was not affected by the amount of the delayed loss when it was presented alone. However, replicating other studies, smaller delayed losses were discounted more steeply than larger ones when presented in combination with immediate gains. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors, one loading primarily on loss-only conditions and the other loading primarily on conditions involving outcomes that combined gains and losses. These results imply that there are individual differences in how one combines gains and losses and that this characteristic of individual decision making might be an important predictor of decisions in the many everyday choice situations that involve complex outcomes.

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在即期收益之后出现延迟损失的情况下,对组合结果的折现存在个体差异。
绝大多数关于贴现的研究都集中在简单的延迟结果上,但大多数日常决策都比较复杂。本实验主要研究了这样一种情况,即一种标志性的自我控制情况,在这种情况下,立即获得的收益会随之出现延迟损失。在所有条件下都对相同的参与者进行了研究,以便利用相互关系和因素分析来考察选择行为的个体差异。与之前的研究一致,双曲面模型准确地描述了折现函数的形式,而且当延迟损失单独出现时,折现并不受延迟损失金额的影响。然而,与其他研究相同的是,当较小的延迟损失与较大的即时收益同时出现时,延迟损失的贴现率比较大损失的贴现率更高。探索性因子分析揭示了两个因子,一个因子主要加载于仅有损失的条件,另一个因子主要加载于涉及收益和损失相结合的结果的条件。这些结果表明,在如何将收益和损失结合起来的问题上存在个体差异,而个体决策的这一特点可能是预测许多涉及复杂结果的日常选择情境中的决策的重要因素。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
14.80%
发文量
83
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior is primarily for the original publication of experiments relevant to the behavior of individual organisms.
期刊最新文献
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