Bridging temperament and the Big Five in children: A genetically informative study.

IF 6.4 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1037/pspp0000500

Margarete E Vollrath, Espen Moen Eilertsen, Svenn Torgersen, Line C Gjerde, Eivind Ystrom

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Abstract

Early temperament precedes children's emerging Big Five personality, but shared models of temperament and personality are scarce. We wanted to estimate the genetic factor structure underlying both temperament and the Big Five in children, employing a genetically informed study. Within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, we selected 26,354 twins, siblings, and cousins. Mothers rated their children's temperament three times between the ages of 1.5 and 5 years, and the children's Big Five personality at the age of 8. We analyzed the data using biometric modeling. The mean heritability of single-time temperamental traits and Big Five personality traits was .48 and .45, respectively. The mean genetic correlations of temperament across time were .80. The genetic correlations of temperament at 5 years and the Big Five at 8 years revealed two factors, the first comprising reversed Big Five Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and reversed EAS Emotionality, the second comprising Big Five Extraversion, Openness to Experience, EAS Activity, Sociability, and reversed Shyness. A confirmatory factor analysis estimated the two factors showing heritabilities of .96 and .72, respectively. The two factors mirrored the metatraits Stability and Plasticity by John M. Digman. Temperament and personality in childhood can be meaningfully bridged using just two metafactors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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连接儿童的气质和五大特征：基因信息研究

早期气质先于儿童的大五人格出现，但气质和人格的共享模型却很少。我们希望通过一项遗传学研究来估测儿童气质和大五人格的遗传因子结构。在挪威母子队列研究（Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study）中，我们选取了26354对双胞胎、兄弟姐妹和表兄弟姐妹。母亲在孩子1.5岁至5岁期间对其脾气进行了三次评分，并在孩子8岁时对其大五人格进行了评分。单次性情特征和大五人格特征的平均遗传率分别为 0.48 和 0.45。不同时期气质的平均遗传相关性为 0.80。5 岁时的气质与 8 岁时的大五人格的遗传相关性显示出两个因子，第一个因子由反向大五人格神经质、宜人性、自觉性和反向 EAS 情绪性组成，第二个因子由大五人格外向性、经验开放性、EAS 活动性、社交性和反向害羞性组成。通过确认性因子分析估计，这两个因子的遗传率分别为 0.96 和 0.72。这两个因子反映了约翰-M-迪格曼（John M. Digman）所著的《稳定性与可塑性》（Stability and Plasticity）元特质。只需使用两个元因子，就能将童年时期的气质和个性有意义地联系起来。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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来源期刊

Journal of personality and social psychology PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

3.90%

发文量

250

期刊介绍： Journal of personality and social psychology publishes original papers in all areas of personality and social psychology and emphasizes empirical reports, but may include specialized theoretical, methodological, and review papers.Journal of personality and social psychology is divided into three independently edited sections. Attitudes and Social Cognition addresses all aspects of psychology (e.g., attitudes, cognition, emotion, motivation) that take place in significant micro- and macrolevel social contexts.