Effects of a S-metolachlor based herbicide on two plant models: Zea mays L. and Lactuca sativa L.

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues Pub Date : 2024-09-16 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI:10.1080/15287394.2024.2367621
Quenia Maria Silva, Marcel José Palmieri, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira
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Abstract

Corn is the second most cultivated crop in Brazil, the number-one country in pesticide consumption. Chemical control of weeds is performed using herbicides such as S-metolachlor with pre- and post-emergence action and thus the toxicity of herbicides constitutes a matter of great concern. The present investigation aimed to examine the effects of an S-metolachlor-based herbicide on Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Zea mays L. (maize) utilizing various bioassays. The test solutions were prepared from commercial products containing the active ingredient. Seeds from the plant models were exposed in petri dishes and maintained under biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at 24°C. Distilled water was negative and aluminium positive control. Macroscopic analyses (germination and growth) were conducted for both plant species, and microscopic analysis (cell cycle and chromosomal alterations) were performed for L. sativa root tip cells. Detrimental interference of S-metolachlor-based herbicide was noted with lettuce for all parameters tested reducing plant germination by over 50% and the germination speed by over 45% and showing a significant decrease in mitotic index, from 16.25% to 9,28% even on the lowest concentration tested. In maize, there was no significant interference in plant germination; however, speed of germination was significantly hampered, reaching a 51.22% reduction for the highest concentration tested. Data demonstrated that the herbicide was toxic as evidenced by its phyto- and cytotoxicity in L. sativa L. and Z. mays L.

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基于 S-甲草胺的除草剂对两种植物模型的影响:玉米(Zea mays L.)和乳菊(Lactuca sativa L.
玉米是巴西第二大种植作物,也是杀虫剂消费量第一的国家。对杂草的化学防治使用的是除草剂,如 S-甲草胺,具有萌芽前和萌芽后作用,因此除草剂的毒性是一个非常值得关注的问题。本调查旨在利用各种生物测定方法,研究以 S-甲草胺为基础的除草剂对莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.)和玉米(Zea mays L.)的影响。测试溶液由含有活性成分的商业产品配制而成。植物模型的种子暴露在培养皿中,并在 24°C 的生化需氧量(BOD)条件下保存。蒸馏水为阴性对照,铝为阳性对照。对两种植物进行了宏观分析(发芽和生长),并对荠菜根尖细胞进行了微观分析(细胞周期和染色体变化)。结果表明,S-甲草胺除草剂对莴苣的所有测试参数都有不利影响,植物发芽率降低了 50%以上,发芽速度降低了 45%以上,有丝分裂指数显著下降,从 16.25% 降至 9.28%,即使是测试的最低浓度也是如此。在玉米中,除草剂对植物的发芽没有明显的干扰,但对发芽速度有明显的影响,在测试的最高浓度下,发芽速度降低了 51.22%。数据表明,除草剂对莴苣和玉米具有植物和细胞毒性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
19.20%
发文量
46
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A , Current Issues is an authoritative journal that features strictly refereed original research in the field of environmental sciences, public and occupational health, and toxicology.
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