Understanding the Tourist Gaze in John Urry's Sociological Theory

Kseniia Borisovna Makhova
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Abstract

Tourism as a mass phenomenon began to be actively studied by sociologists in the second half of the 20th century. A special place among the sociological approaches to this phenomenon of the specified historical period is occupied by the concept of tourism by British researcher John Urry, one of the most prominent representatives of modern sociological theory. The scientist considers tourism in the context of social and economic changes taking place in Western societies after the end of World War II: significant economic growth, very high rates of urbanization, increased consumption, improved transport infrastructure, transformation of social attitudes. The main work, which outlines the key provisions of the concept of the tourist gaze, is the publication "The Tourist Gaze". Subsequently, this book has been updated twice, taking into account new social trends, phenomena and processes. The author explores the concept of tourism by J. Urri using general scientific methods of cognition, as well as genetic, comparative historical and other methods that reveal the specifics of the scientist's approach. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic lies in the fact that the theoretical and methodological foundations of John Urry's concept of tourism were identified, its specificity and the evolution of the scientist's views were demonstrated. The article examines the key elements of this theory, reveals its heuristic potential, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the British sociologist's research approach. Despite the criticism presented, the approach developed by John Urry, his conceptual apparatus and analytical tools indicate the high importance of his works for modern sociological theory. The concept of the tourist view remains relevant, which is confirmed, in particular, by the presence of followers who continue to make a significant contribution to the expansion and deepening of the theoretical and empirical analysis of tourism, based on the ideas proposed by Urri.
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理解约翰-厄里社会学理论中的游客目光
20 世纪下半叶,社会学家开始积极研究旅游这一大众现象。现代社会学理论最杰出的代表之一、英国研究员约翰-乌里(John Urry)提出的旅游概念在特定历史时期研究这一现象的社会学方法中占有特殊地位。这位科学家将旅游业放在第二次世界大战结束后西方社会发生的社会和经济变革的背景下进行考量:经济大幅增长、城市化率极高、消费增加、交通基础设施改善、社会观念转变。概述 "游客凝视 "概念主要内容的主要著作是《游客凝视》一书。随后,本书根据新的社会趋势、现象和进程进行了两次更新。作者利用认知的一般科学方法,以及揭示科学家方法具体内容的遗传学、比较历史学和其他方法,对 J. 乌尔里的旅游概念进行了探讨。作者对这一主题研究的特殊贡献在于,确定了约翰-乌里旅游概念的理论和方法论基础,展示了其特殊性和科学家观点的演变。文章研究了这一理论的关键要素,揭示了其启发式潜力,并强调了这位英国社会学家研究方法的优缺点。尽管提出了一些批评意见,但约翰-乌里提出的方法、他的概念装置和分析工具表明,他的著作对现代社会学理论具有重要意义。旅游观光的概念仍然具有现实意义,这一点尤其可以从其追随者的存在中得到证实,这些追随者以乌里提出的观点为基础,继续为拓展和深化旅游业的理论和实证分析做出重要贡献。
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