Plodia interpunctella larvae exposed to 2% O2 with or without 4% CO2 showed changes in chemical substances, enzyme activities, body mass, and water content
{"title":"Plodia interpunctella larvae exposed to 2% O2 with or without 4% CO2 showed changes in chemical substances, enzyme activities, body mass, and water content","authors":"Yilin Huang , Dianxuan Wang , Fuji Jian , Zhang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102358","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the change of chemical substances and enzyme activities of stored product insects exposed to low CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> will help to develop an optimum strategy of controlled atmosphere (CA) application. The body mass, chemical (water, fat, protein, total sugar, and glycogen) content, enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activity, and survival of the 5th instar larvae of <em>Plodia interpunctella</em> (Hübener) were determined before and after the CA treatment. The tested CA condition was 4% CO<sub>2</sub> + 94% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> (2% O<sub>2</sub> with 4% CO<sub>2</sub>), 98% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> (2% O<sub>2</sub> without 4% CO<sub>2</sub>), and air (control) for 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 d exposure. The survival of the larvae in 4% CO<sub>2</sub> + 94% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> and 98% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> was 82 and 88% for 1.5 d exposure, 61 and 77% for 3.0 d, 43 and 60% for 4.5 d; respectively. The larvae lost more body mass and water in the mixture of 4% CO<sub>2</sub> + 94% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> than that in 98% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> at the same exposure time, and the loss increased with the increase of exposure time. More than 50% of the lost body mass was the water loss. The contents of fat, protein, total sugar, and glycogen of the larvae in 4% CO<sub>2</sub> + 94% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> were reduced by 6, 14, 20, 22% for 1.5 d exposure; 13, 25, 41, 40% for 3.0 d; and 22, 32, 58, 55% for 4.5 d; respectively. In 98% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub>, they were reduced by 4, 11, 11, 16% for 1.5 d exposure; 10, 20, 29, 37% for 3.0 d; and 20, 26, 42, 48% for 4.5 d; respectively. The enzyme activity increased up to 3.31 U/mg protein for superoxide dismutase in 1.5 d, 15.16 U/mg protein for peroxidase in 3.0 d, and 58.54 U/mg protein for catalase in 4.5 d in 4% CO<sub>2</sub> + 94% N<sub>2</sub> + 2%O<sub>2</sub>. The treatment with 4% CO<sub>2</sub> + 96% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub> can give more significant change on insect body weight, substances in the body, survival, POD and CAT activity than those in 98% N<sub>2</sub> + 2% O<sub>2</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Stored Products Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022474X24001152","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Understanding the change of chemical substances and enzyme activities of stored product insects exposed to low CO2 and O2 will help to develop an optimum strategy of controlled atmosphere (CA) application. The body mass, chemical (water, fat, protein, total sugar, and glycogen) content, enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activity, and survival of the 5th instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübener) were determined before and after the CA treatment. The tested CA condition was 4% CO2 + 94% N2 + 2% O2 (2% O2 with 4% CO2), 98% N2 + 2% O2 (2% O2 without 4% CO2), and air (control) for 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 d exposure. The survival of the larvae in 4% CO2 + 94% N2 + 2% O2 and 98% N2 + 2% O2 was 82 and 88% for 1.5 d exposure, 61 and 77% for 3.0 d, 43 and 60% for 4.5 d; respectively. The larvae lost more body mass and water in the mixture of 4% CO2 + 94% N2 + 2% O2 than that in 98% N2 + 2% O2 at the same exposure time, and the loss increased with the increase of exposure time. More than 50% of the lost body mass was the water loss. The contents of fat, protein, total sugar, and glycogen of the larvae in 4% CO2 + 94% N2 + 2% O2 were reduced by 6, 14, 20, 22% for 1.5 d exposure; 13, 25, 41, 40% for 3.0 d; and 22, 32, 58, 55% for 4.5 d; respectively. In 98% N2 + 2% O2, they were reduced by 4, 11, 11, 16% for 1.5 d exposure; 10, 20, 29, 37% for 3.0 d; and 20, 26, 42, 48% for 4.5 d; respectively. The enzyme activity increased up to 3.31 U/mg protein for superoxide dismutase in 1.5 d, 15.16 U/mg protein for peroxidase in 3.0 d, and 58.54 U/mg protein for catalase in 4.5 d in 4% CO2 + 94% N2 + 2%O2. The treatment with 4% CO2 + 96% N2 + 2% O2 can give more significant change on insect body weight, substances in the body, survival, POD and CAT activity than those in 98% N2 + 2% O2.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Stored Products Research provides an international medium for the publication of both reviews and original results from laboratory and field studies on the preservation and safety of stored products, notably food stocks, covering storage-related problems from the producer through the supply chain to the consumer. Stored products are characterised by having relatively low moisture content and include raw and semi-processed foods, animal feedstuffs, and a range of other durable items, including materials such as clothing or museum artefacts.