Development of methodology for the visual identification of Tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling paint matrices

IF 1.8 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Analytical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI:10.1007/s44211-024-00620-9
Fabricio Araújo Gonçalves Cruz, Cid Pereira, Marcos Antônio dos Santos Fernandez, Aricelso Maia Limaverde Filho, Tiago Lima da Silva
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Abstract

Organotin compounds (OTC), mainly tributyltin (TBT), have been used since the 1970s as biocides in the composition of antifouling paints. Due to its physical–chemical characteristics, TBT has high toxicity to the marine environment affecting non-target organisms. The present study aims to develop a method of direct visual identification of TBT in antifouling paints using the cyclopalladate complex, 4- (2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR-Pd), synthesized in our laboratory. Tests were performed in blank and in the paint matrix with the following OTC: TBT-O; TBT-Cl; TPT-Cl; DBT-Cl (tributyltin oxide, tributyltin chloride, triphenyltin chloride, dibutyltin chloride), in addition to the SnCl4 and SnCl2 compounds (tin IV chloride and tin II chloride), all at a concentration of approximately 20 g/ kg of dry paint). The test was performed by applying paint samples to test bodies and scraping a few tens of milligrams of the dry paint film. The scraped paint samples were submitted to the test, showing a different staining reaction for the TBT-Cl and SnCl4 samples concerning blank and other samples (TBT-O, TPT, DBT-Cl, and SnCl2). Solution tests were performed to characterize reaction products by spectroscopy in the visible band. The method developed has potential for application in real samples, being selective for TBT-Cl and SnCl4 in an acid medium, obtaining a limit of detection, in the range of 1–10 mg/kg dry paint.

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开发目视识别防污漆基质中三丁基锡(TBT)的方法。
自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,有机锡化合物(OTC),主要是三丁基锡(TBT),一直被用作防污漆成分中的杀菌剂。由于其物理化学特性,三丁基锡化合物对海洋环境具有高毒性,会影响非目标生物。本研究旨在利用本实验室合成的环钯络合物 4-(2-噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚(TAR-Pd),开发一种直接目视识别防污漆中三丁基锡化合物的方法。测试在空白和涂料基质中进行,使用了以下 OTC:TBT-O;TBT-Cl;TPT-Cl;DBT-Cl(三丁基氧化锡、三丁基氯化锡、三苯基氯化锡、二丁基氯化锡),此外还有 SnCl4 和 SnCl2 复合物(氯化锡 IV 和氯化锡 II),浓度均为每千克干涂料约 20 克。)测试方法是将油漆样品涂在测试体上,然后刮下几十毫克的干漆膜。刮下的油漆样品被送去测试,结果显示 TBT-Cl 和 SnCl4 样品的染色反应与空白和其他样品(TBT-O、TPT、DBT-Cl 和 SnCl2)不同。进行了溶液测试,以便通过可见光波段的光谱分析反应产物的特征。该方法对酸性介质中的 TBT-Cl 和 SnCl4 具有选择性,检测限在 1-10 毫克/千克干漆范围内,具有应用于实际样品的潜力。
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来源期刊
Analytical Sciences
Analytical Sciences 化学-分析化学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
18.80%
发文量
232
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Analytical Sciences is an international journal published monthly by The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. The journal publishes papers on all aspects of the theory and practice of analytical sciences, including fundamental and applied, inorganic and organic, wet chemical and instrumental methods. This publication is supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Result of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
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