Epidemiological Trends and Outcomes of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Among 104 Million Patients in the United States.

Abstract

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for localized osteoarthritis. Recent advancements in UKA implant design and expanding patient criteria may have increased its utilization. However, few studies have examined the use of UKA in the United States. Thus, this study assessed the current and projected future trends of UKA and robotic UKA in the United States through 2035, along with postoperative outcomes.

Methods: A collaborative healthcare research network was queried to identify patients who had undergone UKA. Primary outcomes measured included prevalence (P), incidence proportion (IP), and incidence rate (IR) from 2012 to 2022. Chi-squared analyses were done to compare outcomes across categorical data. Regression modeling was performed to project UKA to the year 2035. Statistical significance was held at P < .05 for all analyses.

Results: In 2022, 1,662 UKAs were performed within the network, a 590% increase from 2012 (241 performed). The IP increased on an average annual basis by 41.8%, the IR by 50%, and the P by 51.3%. A year following UKA, conversion to TKA was the most common orthopaedic complication (39.9%). As of 2022, there were 68 robotic UKAs performed, a 518% increase from the 11 performed in 2012. Regression analysis for UKA through 2035 showed that IP will be 0.04%, IR will be 1.75 × 10^-6 cases/person-day, and P will be 0.3%.

Conclusions: These findings are consistent with prior studies indicating a higher utilization of UKA over the past decade. Reported complications were not uncommon, as nearly 40% of patients required a conversion to a TKA. Further research is needed to optimally identify criteria for appropriate patients and determine the benefits robotic UKA may provide, specifically reducing the risk of conversion to a TKA.