Brief communication: New method for measuring nitrogen isotopes in tooth dentine at high temporal resolution

Abstract

Objectives

Nitrogen isotopes (δ¹⁵N) are widely used to study human nursing and weaning ages. Conventional methods involve sampling 1-mm thick sections of tooth dentine—producing an averaging effect that integrates months of formation. We introduce a novel protocol for measuring δ¹⁵N by multicollector secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

Materials and Methods

We sampled dentine δ¹⁵N on a weekly to monthly basis along the developmental axis in two first molars of healthy children from Australia and New Zealand (n = 217 measurements). Nitrogen isotope ratios were determined from measurements of CN⁻ secondary molecular ions in ~35 μm spots. By relating spot position to enamel formation, we identified prenatal dentine, as well as sampling ages over more than 3 years. We also created calcium-normalized barium and strontium maps with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

Results

We found rapid postnatal δ¹⁵N increases of ~2‰–3‰, during which time the children were exclusively breastfed, followed by declines as the breastfeeding frequency decreased. After weaning, δ¹⁵N values remained stable for several months, coinciding with diets that did not include meat or cow's milk; values then varied by ~2‰ starting in the third year of life. Barium did not show an immediate postnatal increase, rising after a few months until ~1–1.5 years of age, and falling until or shortly after the cessation of suckling. Initial strontium trends varied but both individuals peaked months after weaning.

Discussion

Developmentally informed SIMS measurements of δ¹⁵N minimize time averaging and can be precisely related to an individual's early dietary history.