Maritime accidents in the estuary of the River Seine from 2009-2019.

IF 1.6 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH International Maritime Health Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.5603/imh.99407

Jean-Claude Chatard, Michel Quioc

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Abstract

Background: In confined waters, ships run a high risk of groundings, contact, sinkings and near misses. In such waters the maritime traffic is dense, the waterway is narrow, the depth is limited, and tides and currents are constantly changing.

Materials and methods: From 2009-2019, 75 accidents were investigated in the estuary of the Seine. Weather conditions and perceived fatigue were studied. From May to June 2020, 114 seafarers, 34 pilots and 80 captains, responded to a questionnaire focusing on the use of Pilot Portable Units (PPU) and Electronic Chart Display Information Systems (ECDIS).

Results: The 75 accidents corresponded to an average of 6.8 ± 3.2 accidents per year. Groundings were the most frequent accidents (35%, n = 26) followed by contact accidents with the quayside (25%, n = 19), between ships or tugs while manoeuvring (8%, n = 6) or while sailing (1%, n = 1). There was no loss of vessels nor fatalities of crew members. In poor weather conditions, there were 76% more accidents than in normal conditions (4.4 ± 2.5 accidents/10,000 movements versus 2.5 ± 1.9 accidents/10,000 movements, p < 0.03). Almost all the accidents (96%) were related to human errors of judgment (81%), or negligence (53%), or both (39). Perceived fatigue was probably in cause in 6 accidents. Only 3 accidents were related to mechanical causes. Through the questionnaires, 69% of the pilots complained of difficulties in mastering the devices and software. They felt distracted by alarms which affected their attention while navigating. They requested training on a simulator. Concerning ship captains, 83% felt comfortable with ECDIS devices yet only 20% were able to configure the ECDIS correctly.

Conclusions: In the Seine estuary, 75 accidents occurred within the 11 year-study. Risk factors were poor weather conditions and human error. PPU and ECDIS were considered as useful tools in the prevention of accidents. However, pilots and captains requested more thorough training in their use.

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2009-2019 年塞纳河河口的海事事故。

背景：在封闭水域中，船舶发生搁浅、触礁、沉没和险情的风险很高。在这些水域，海上交通密集，水道狭窄，水深有限，潮汐和水流不断变化：从 2009 年到 2019 年，对塞纳河河口的 75 起事故进行了调查。对天气条件和感知疲劳进行了研究。2020 年 5 月至 6 月，114 名海员（34 名驾驶员和 80 名船长）回答了一份调查问卷，重点是驾驶员便携式设备 (PPU) 和电子海图显示信息系统 (ECDIS) 的使用情况：75 起事故相当于平均每年 6.8 ± 3.2 起事故。搁浅是最常见的事故（35%，n = 26），其次是与码头的接触事故（25%，n = 19）、船舶或拖船之间的操纵事故（8%，n = 6）或航行事故（1%，n = 1）。没有船只损失，也没有船员死亡。恶劣天气条件下发生的事故比正常条件下多 76%（4.4 ± 2.5 起事故/10,000 次航行对 2.5 ± 1.9 起事故/10,000 次航行，P < 0.03）。几乎所有事故（96%）都与人为判断失误（81%）或疏忽（53%）有关，或两者皆有（39）。在 6 起事故中，疲劳可能是原因之一。只有 3 起事故与机械原因有关。通过问卷调查，69%的飞行员抱怨难以掌握设备和软件。他们认为警报分散了他们的注意力，影响了他们的导航。他们要求在模拟器上进行培训。至于船长，83%的人对 ECDIS 设备感到得心应手，但只有 20% 的人能够正确配置 ECDIS：在为期 11 年的研究中，塞纳河口共发生了 75 起事故。风险因素是恶劣的天气条件和人为错误。PPU 和 ECDIS 被认为是预防事故的有用工具。不过，飞行员和船长要求在使用方面接受更全面的培训。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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