The evaluation of urinary signs and symptoms in medieval medicine

Javier C. Angulo , Miguel Virseda-Chamoro
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Abstract

Medieval medicine established the basis of western sanitary knowledge. In an early period, the medical model was monastic and based mainly on botany. In High Middle Age (1000–1300 AD) classical Greek, Roman and Arabic sources were rescued by manuscript copiers, compilers and translators, especially in the Medical School of Salerno and in Toledo. The Arab and Hebrew knowledge was fundamental for this information recovery, that promoted the creation of the first medical universities in Europe (Montpelier, Bologna, Paris, Oxford, Salamanca) that spread the medical knowledge in Late Middle Ages. A non-systematic review is undertaken to analyze how urinary signs and symptoms were evaluated in medieval medicine, with emphasis in uroscopy and in the description in medical treatises of urinary symptoms; including incontinence, dysuria and retention, and their remedies in the form of oils, syrups and electuaries to restore the humoral balance

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中世纪医学对泌尿系统症状和体征的评估
中世纪医学奠定了西方卫生知识的基础。早期的医学模式是修道院式的,主要以植物学为基础。在中世纪后期(公元 1000-1300 年),手稿抄写员、编译员和翻译员,特别是萨莱诺医学院和托莱多医学院的人员,对希腊、罗马和阿拉伯古典文献进行了抢救。阿拉伯语和希伯来语的知识是这些信息恢复的基础,促进了欧洲第一批医科大学(蒙彼利埃、博洛尼亚、巴黎、牛津、萨拉曼卡)的创建,在中世纪晚期传播了医学知识。本文进行了一次非系统性回顾,分析了中世纪医学如何评估泌尿系统体征和症状,重点是泌尿系统镜检查和医学论文中对泌尿系统症状的描述,包括尿失禁、排尿困难和尿潴留,以及以油、糖浆和电解液形式恢复体液平衡的疗法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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