Non-Nucleon Metastable Excitations in Nuclear Matter and e– Catalysis As a Quark-Cumulative Mechanism for Initiating Low-Energy Nuclear Chemical Processes: Phenomenology

IF 0.7 4区化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI:10.1134/s0036024424700079

S. F. Timashev

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Abstract

The present study demonstrates that the mechanism of initiation of low-energy nuclear chemical processes under conditions of low-temperature non-equilibrium deuterium and protium-containing glow discharge plasma is similar to the previously studied cumulative mechanism of initiation of nuclear processes in the collision of relativistic particles (protons) with target atomic nuclei. This process results in the formation of high-energy products that significantly exceed the kinematically resolved region in the pulse space for two-particle collisions “nucleus–target’s nucleus.” The cumulative effect in this case is associated with the initiation of non-nucleonic metastable excitations in nuclear matter during relativistic collisions leading to the formation of a group of quarks from different nucleons within the nucleus. In low-energy nuclear chemical processes, the initiation of quark-cumulative processes in nuclear matter occurs through interaction of nuclei with electrons with high kinetic energies on a chemical scale, typically E_e ~ 3–5 eV. Experiments and available literature data suggest that the metastable excitations of nuclear matter containing three “free” quarks during such collisions are associated with quark-cumulative effects, leading to the radioactive α- and β-decay of elements. This phenomenon is observed during laser ablation of metals in aqueous media containing radioactive elements and in the artificial radioactivity of initially non-radioactive isotopes in cathodes exposed to low-temperature non-equilibrium deuterium- and protium-containing plasma flows during glow discharge.

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核物质中的非核可陨激波和作为启动低能核化学过程的夸克累积机制的电子催化：现象学

摘要本研究表明，在低温非平衡含氘和氕的辉光放电等离子体条件下，低能核化学过程的启动机制与先前研究的相对论粒子（质子）与靶原子核碰撞中核过程的累积启动机制类似。这一过程形成的高能产物大大超出了 "原子核-靶核 "双粒子碰撞脉冲空间的运动学分辨区域。在这种情况下，累积效应与相对论碰撞期间核物质中的非核可转移激发有关，导致核内不同核子形成一组夸克。在低能核化学过程中，核物质中夸克累积过程的启动是通过原子核与具有化学尺度高动能（通常为 Ee ~ 3-5 eV）的电子相互作用而发生的。实验和现有文献数据表明，含有三个 "自由 "夸克的核物质在这种碰撞中的陨落激发与夸克累积效应有关，导致元素的放射性α和β衰变。在含有放射性元素的水介质中对金属进行激光烧蚀的过程中，以及在辉光放电过程中暴露于低温非平衡含氘和氕等离子体流的阴极中的初始非放射性同位素的人工放射性中，都可以观察到这种现象。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 化学-物理化学

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

14.30%

发文量

376

审稿时长

5.1 months

期刊介绍： Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. Focus on Chemistry (Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii), founded in 1930, offers a comprehensive review of theoretical and experimental research from the Russian Academy of Sciences, leading research and academic centers from Russia and from all over the world. Articles are devoted to chemical thermodynamics and thermochemistry, biophysical chemistry, photochemistry and magnetochemistry, materials structure, quantum chemistry, physical chemistry of nanomaterials and solutions, surface phenomena and adsorption, and methods and techniques of physicochemical studies.