Green or grain? Impact of green space expansion on grain production in Chinese cities and its implications for national urban greening schemes

IF 4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Landscape Ecology Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI:10.1007/s10980-024-01921-0
Yulin Dong, Wenhui Kuang, Zhibin Ren, Yinyin Dou, Xiangzheng Deng
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Abstract

Context

Expansion of urban green space (UGS) enhances greenery and its benefits in cities. However, the impacts of such expansions on regional landscape sustainability and their spatiotemporal traits across the national scale remain unclear.

Objectives

This study uncovers a trade-off between agricultural ecosystem services and urban human well-being—the loss of grain production due to UGS expansion consuming cropland—in China from 2000 to 2020. It proposes a safety boundary for UGS expansion to minimize the costs of grain production while addressing the escalating demand for UGS exposure.

Methods

UGS expansion and cropland loss are quantified using land cover products, with statistical data contributing to the established relationship between grain loss and UGS coverage. UGS expansion scenarios for 2040 are simulated through bottom-up modeling.

Results

Quadrupled UGS area growth contributed approximately one-third to urban expansion during 2000–2020 in China. Despite improvements in per capita UGS area implying enhanced UGS exposure during rapid urbanization, UGS expansion resulted in a national grain production loss of 4.2 ± 1.4 million t from 2000 to 2020, accelerating post-2010. This loss is equivalent to the annual food intake of 9.3 million Chinese people. We propose a 30.87% UGS coverage target in China by 2040 to preserve UGS access while minimizing grain loss under future urbanization.

Conclusions

Acknowledging the critical role of UGS expansion in the issue of cropland loss to urbanization is imperative. Our results offer insights into ensuring human well-being and ecosystem services through landscape and urban planning.

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绿化还是粮食?中国城市绿地扩张对粮食生产的影响及其对国家城市绿化计划的启示
背景城市绿地(UGS)的扩展提高了城市的绿化及其效益。本研究揭示了 2000 年至 2020 年中国农业生态系统服务与城市人类福祉之间的权衡--城市绿地扩张消耗耕地导致的粮食产量损失。本研究提出了扩大城市综合服务系统的安全边界,以最大限度地降低粮食生产成本,同时应对不断增长的城市综合服务系统风险需求。研究方法:利用土地覆被产品对城市综合服务系统的扩大和耕地损失进行量化,统计数据有助于确定粮食损失与城市综合服务系统覆盖率之间的关系。通过自下而上的模型模拟了 2040 年的 UGS 扩张情景。结果2000-2020 年期间,UGS 面积的翻番式增长约占中国城市扩张的三分之一。尽管在快速城市化过程中,人均 UGS 面积的增加意味着 UGS 暴露程度的提高,但 UGS 的扩张导致 2000-2020 年间全国粮食产量损失为 420±140 万吨,2010 年后损失加速。这一损失相当于 930 万中国人的年粮食摄入量。我们建议中国到 2040 年实现 30.87% 的粮食保障计划覆盖率目标,以保护粮食保障计划的可及性,同时最大限度地减少未来城市化进程中的粮食损失。我们的研究结果为通过景观和城市规划确保人类福祉和生态系统服务提供了启示。
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来源期刊
Landscape Ecology
Landscape Ecology 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
164
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Landscape Ecology is the flagship journal of a well-established and rapidly developing interdisciplinary science that focuses explicitly on the ecological understanding of spatial heterogeneity. Landscape Ecology draws together expertise from both biophysical and socioeconomic sciences to explore basic and applied research questions concerning the ecology, conservation, management, design/planning, and sustainability of landscapes as coupled human-environment systems. Landscape ecology studies are characterized by spatially explicit methods in which spatial attributes and arrangements of landscape elements are directly analyzed and related to ecological processes.
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