Enhancing spent RFCC catalysts for biofuel production: Ultrasound-assisted acid treatment for improved crystallinity, pore size, and acid site ratio

Q1 Environmental Science Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100843

I. Istadi , Yunita Kusumawati , Teguh Riyanto , Didi D. Anggoro , Bunjerd Jongsomjit , Ari Bawono Putranto

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Abstract

This research aims to improve crystal structure and pore size and adjust Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) acid site ratio of spent RFCC catalyst through ultrasound-assisted acid treatment. The catalyst performance was tested to convert palm oil into biofuel through hydrogen-free catalytic cracking. Results showed that crystallinity and pore size of the spent RFCC catalysts were improved. The B/L acid site ratio of the acid treated catalysts could be adjusted, leading to improve the catalysts activity for palm oil cracking process. The main product of the cracking process was liquid fuel product, which was ranged at 85 %–96 % mass fraction. Compared to the liquid fuel product produced by conventional acid treatment, the RFCC catalysts that have been treated using ultrasound-assisted acid treatment produced a higher yield. The GC-MS results showed that hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes are main chemical components in gasoline and kerosene.

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改进用于生物燃料生产的废 RFCC 催化剂：通过超声辅助酸处理提高结晶度、孔径和酸位比

本研究旨在通过超声辅助酸处理，改善废 RFCC 催化剂的晶体结构和孔径，并调整布伦司特酸与路易斯酸（B/L）的位点比。测试了催化剂的性能，以通过无氢催化裂化将棕榈油转化为生物燃料。结果表明，废 RFCC 催化剂的结晶度和孔径得到了改善。酸处理催化剂的 B/L 酸位比可以调整，从而提高了催化剂在棕榈油裂解过程中的活性。裂解过程的主要产物是液体燃料产品，其质量分数在 85%-96% 之间。与传统酸处理产生的液体燃料产品相比，使用超声辅助酸处理的 RFCC 催化剂产量更高。气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明，烃、醇、酮和醛是汽油和煤油中的主要化学成分。

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