Budd Chiari Syndrome: Radiological Aspects of the Disease Pertaining to Infertility and Role of Interventional Radiology in Successful Conception

Abstract

Background/Aims

To study the association of infertility in patients with Budd Chiari syndrome, radiological aspects of the disease determining infertility and to see if there are improved chances of conception following radiological intervention.

Methods

Retrospective search of the hospital records was done and patients with Budd Chiari syndrome, who underwent radiological intervention between January 2016 till October 2021 were initially included. Patients outside the reproductive age group, unmarried patients, patients who did not attempt conception or attempted for less than 1 year and patients having other causes of infertility were excluded. 90 patients were assessed for presence of primary or secondary infertility using infertility questionnaire. In patients with infertility, conception during 1-year follow-up period following radiological intervention, was assessed.

Results

146 patients underwent radiological intervention for Budd Chiari syndrome in the study period. 56 patients meeting the exclusion criteria were excluded from the study and subsequently 90 patients were assessed for infertility. 16.7% (15/90) of our patients with Budd Chiari syndrome had infertility, of which 7 were male, and 8 were female. Infertility is more common in younger age group (mean – 28.8 ± 4.2 years) (P < 0.001). In females, presence of pelvic venous congestion on preprocedural imaging showed significant association with infertility (P < 0.001). 6 (40%) out of 15 of patients with infertility conceived during a 1-year follow-up period after radiological intervention.

Conclusion

Infertility is a common in patients with Budd Chiari syndrome, with a prevalence of 16.7%. Pelvic venous congestion is associated with women having infertility. Radiological interventions play important role in management of Budd Chiari and may help to overcome infertility in these patients.