Environment driven changes in type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity in an isolated Mixe community in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY American Journal of Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI:10.1002/ajhb.24119

Bert Little, Jorge Escobedo, Maria Eugenia Pena Reyes, Shaminul Hoque Shakib, Liz O'Brien, Rich Kerber, Xochitl Velasco, Miguel Cruz Lopez, Christopher Tillquist

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Abstract

Background

This study focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixe comprised an estimated 9.4% (n ≅ 90 000) of the Indigenous population in Oaxaca. Mexico.

Objective

This study focused on a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. To compare the prevalence of T2DM, overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and hypertension (HTN) between 2007 and 2017 for a small, isolated Mixe community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. We test whether or not environmental changes have affected T2DM prevalence.

Methods and Materials

Demographic and medical record data were collected in the community in 2007 and 2017 from the medical clinic and the mayor's office. T2DM was medically diagnosed among adults (>34 years old), in 2007 (n = 730) and in 2017 (n = 829).

Results

T2DM crude prevalence increased from 6.7% to 12.1% (p < .001) from 2007 to 2017. The mean age of the sample analyzed was 60.6 (SD = 9.7). Age-adjusted T2DM prevalence increased from 6.7% to 10.8% (p < .002). T2DM was 5.7%–5.5% among males (p < .53) and 7.1%–13.6% among females (p < .001). Sex-specific OW and OB simulation studies indicate females had 7% less OW in 2007, and males were unchanged compared with 2017. OB among males and females was significantly higher in 2017 compared with 2007 (increased by 15.2% and 8.3%, males and females, respectively). Sexes combined OW + OB increased 12.7% among males but was unchanged in females (−0.5%). In the sexes combined analysis, OW prevalence increased 12.7% to 27.1% (p < .001) and OB prevalence increased 10.7%–27.9% (p < .001) from 2007 to 2017. HTN did not change significantly from 2007 to 2017 (15.4% and 14.6%, respectively) (p = .63) in adults. Among T2DM individuals, the frequency of HTN was not significantly different in 2007 and 2017 (57.1% and 37%, respectively) (p = .65). Transition to a Western diet consisting of high-carbohydrate foods occurred at the same time as increased T2DM from 2007 to 2017, with a higher prevalence of T2DM noted among females in 2017.

Conclusions

An increased prevalence of T2DM, OW, and OB but not HTN was observed in the Mixe community from 2007 to 2017 and was associated with the adoption of a high-carbohydrate Western diet.

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墨西哥南部瓦哈卡谷地一个与世隔绝的 Mixe 社区中 2 型糖尿病、超重和肥胖症的环境变化。

研究背景本研究的重点是墨西哥瓦哈卡州土著居民 Mixe 成年人中的 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)。据估计，Mixe 人占瓦哈卡州土著人口的 9.4%（n ≅ 90 000）。目标：本研究的重点是墨西哥瓦哈卡州的一群成年 Mixe 土著居民。比较 2007 年至 2017 年期间墨西哥瓦哈卡谷地一个与世隔绝的 Mixe 小社区中 T2DM、超重（OW）、肥胖（OB）和高血压（HTN）的患病率。我们检验了环境变化是否影响了 T2DM 患病率：我们从医疗诊所和市长办公室收集了该社区 2007 年和 2017 年的人口和医疗记录数据。2007年（n = 730）和2017年（n = 829），T2DM在成年人（大于34岁）中得到医学诊断：结果：T2DM 的粗患病率从 6.7% 上升至 12.1%（p 结论：T2DM 的粗患病率增加了：从 2007 年到 2017 年，在 Mixe 社区观察到 T2DM、OW 和 OB 的患病率增加，但高血压的患病率没有增加，这与采用高碳水化合物的西式饮食有关。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Human Biology 生物-生物学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

13.80%

发文量

124

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.