{"title":"Green diesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate using a nickel phosphide catalyst: Optimization by box behnken design","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101897","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The persistent global energy crisis is propelling significant innovations, including the use of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as a renewable resource for producing green diesel (GD). Therefore, this study aimed to intensify GD synthesis from PFAD by optimizing the process using a Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD). Optimization was achieved with a nickel phosphide catalyst supported by natural zeolite through hydrodeoxygenation method. RSM-BBD was used to design the process, considering time (1−3 h), temperature (300–350 °C), catalyst concentration (5–15 %), and pressure (20–60 bar). The results showed that the optimum conditions consisted of 11 % catalyst concentration, 3 h of reaction time, 342 °C temperature, and 29 bar pressure, leading to a 96.35 % GD yield. All conversion parameters, except pressure, significantly influenced GD yield. The quality of the synthesized GD showed high quality and compliance with Indonesian as well as European diesel fuel standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bioresource Technology Reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589014X24001385","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The persistent global energy crisis is propelling significant innovations, including the use of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as a renewable resource for producing green diesel (GD). Therefore, this study aimed to intensify GD synthesis from PFAD by optimizing the process using a Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD). Optimization was achieved with a nickel phosphide catalyst supported by natural zeolite through hydrodeoxygenation method. RSM-BBD was used to design the process, considering time (1−3 h), temperature (300–350 °C), catalyst concentration (5–15 %), and pressure (20–60 bar). The results showed that the optimum conditions consisted of 11 % catalyst concentration, 3 h of reaction time, 342 °C temperature, and 29 bar pressure, leading to a 96.35 % GD yield. All conversion parameters, except pressure, significantly influenced GD yield. The quality of the synthesized GD showed high quality and compliance with Indonesian as well as European diesel fuel standards.