{"title":"Improvement of a Model of Brain Death for Transplant-Associated Studies in Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.05.022","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The most common method of inducing brain death in rats is inflating an intracranially placed balloon of a Fogarty catheter inserted through a burr hole. However, because of the poor controllability of balloon position, the standardization and stability of the model are compromised. This study examined an improved technique in which the balloon is placed and fixed through double holes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly and equally assigned into the single-hole (SH) group and the double-hole (DH) group. In each rat in the DH group, 2 holes were made, at the left frontal bone and </span>parietal bone<span>. A Fogarty catheter was inserted outside of the dura mater through the frontal hole, and its tip was guided out through the parietal hole using an arc-shaped needle. The SH group served as a control. In both groups, normal saline was injected into the balloon at 40 μL/minute until breathing stopped. </span></span>Mechanical ventilation was instituted immediately and provided for another 6 hours after the determination of brain death.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Typical blood pressure patterns were observed in both groups during the brain death induction period, whereas the fluctuation seemed relatively mild in the DH group. Stable brain death with normotension for 6 hours was induced successfully in 18 rats (90%) in the DH group and in 9 rats (45%) in the SH group (<em>P</em><span> = .002). The mean arterial pressure at 3 hours and thereafter was significantly higher in the DH group compared to the SH group (</span><em>P</em> < .05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results demonstrate that the DH method is a simple and effective technique to make the brain death model more stable and standardized, possibly due to precise control of the direction of the cannulation and the position of the balloon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23246,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transplantation proceedings","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041134524003452","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background
The most common method of inducing brain death in rats is inflating an intracranially placed balloon of a Fogarty catheter inserted through a burr hole. However, because of the poor controllability of balloon position, the standardization and stability of the model are compromised. This study examined an improved technique in which the balloon is placed and fixed through double holes.
Methods
Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly and equally assigned into the single-hole (SH) group and the double-hole (DH) group. In each rat in the DH group, 2 holes were made, at the left frontal bone and parietal bone. A Fogarty catheter was inserted outside of the dura mater through the frontal hole, and its tip was guided out through the parietal hole using an arc-shaped needle. The SH group served as a control. In both groups, normal saline was injected into the balloon at 40 μL/minute until breathing stopped. Mechanical ventilation was instituted immediately and provided for another 6 hours after the determination of brain death.
Results
Typical blood pressure patterns were observed in both groups during the brain death induction period, whereas the fluctuation seemed relatively mild in the DH group. Stable brain death with normotension for 6 hours was induced successfully in 18 rats (90%) in the DH group and in 9 rats (45%) in the SH group (P = .002). The mean arterial pressure at 3 hours and thereafter was significantly higher in the DH group compared to the SH group (P < .05).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the DH method is a simple and effective technique to make the brain death model more stable and standardized, possibly due to precise control of the direction of the cannulation and the position of the balloon.
期刊介绍：
Transplantation Proceedings publishes several different categories of manuscripts, all of which undergo extensive peer review by recognized authorities in the field prior to their acceptance for publication.
The first type of manuscripts consists of sets of papers providing an in-depth expression of the current state of the art in various rapidly developing components of world transplantation biology and medicine. These manuscripts emanate from congresses of the affiliated transplantation societies, from Symposia sponsored by the Societies, as well as special Conferences and Workshops covering related topics.
Transplantation Proceedings also publishes several special sections including publication of Clinical Transplantation Proceedings, being rapid original contributions of preclinical and clinical experiences. These manuscripts undergo review by members of the Editorial Board.
Original basic or clinical science articles, clinical trials and case studies can be submitted to the journal?s open access companion title Transplantation Reports.
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