Poverty and relative housing cost in Santiago (Chile): a historical perspective (1966-2020)

Mauricio Casanova Brito
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Abstract

This article aims to analyze the relative cost of housing in Chile between 1966 and 2022. Specialized literature in this field focuses on four main themes: the impact of the neoliberal model on housing policies, the issue of property and renting, the maintenance of shantytowns, and issues of space and architecture. While there is consensus on the positive impact of social policies on access to housing for low-income families, debates persist regarding poverty and marginality. The research employs the Occupational and Unemployment Survey of Gran Santiago conducted by the Microdata Center of the University of Chile, administered quarterly since 1957 in all districts of Gran Santiago, with an annual survived population of around 10 000 individuals and 2 000 to 3 000 family groups. The findings reveal that: 1) the reduction in the relative cost of housing is more significant in non-poor households than in poor households; 2) in comparison to the international average, there is a decrease in the relative cost from 2000 to 2010, followed by an increase between 2011 and 2017; 3) the relative cost rises in impoverished sectors, particularly in the bottom 10% of income earners; 4) the reduction in relative cost is more pronounced in rented homes than in owned ones. Keywords: Chile; housing; relative poverty; income.
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智利圣地亚哥的贫困与相对住房成本:历史视角(1966-2020 年
本文旨在分析 1966 年至 2022 年间智利住房的相对成本。该领域的专业文献主要关注四个主题:新自由主义模式对住房政策的影响、财产和租赁问题、棚户区的维护以及空间和建筑问题。虽然社会政策对低收入家庭获得住房的积极影响已达成共识,但关于贫困和边缘化的争论依然存在。研究采用了智利大学微观数据中心开展的大圣地亚哥职业和失业调查,该调查自 1957 年以来每季度在大圣地亚哥所有地区进行一次,每年存活人口约为 10 000 人和 2 000 至 3 000 个家庭群体。调查结果显示1)与贫困家庭相比,非贫困家庭的住房相对成本下降更为显著;2)与国际平均水平相比,2000 年至 2010 年期间的相对成本有所下降,2011 年至 2017 年期间则有所上升;3)贫困阶层的相对成本上升,尤其是收入最低的 10%人群;4)与自有住房相比,租赁住房的相对成本下降更为明显:智利;住房;相对贫困;收入。
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