Screening of vegetable pea breeding material on rust resistance at Omsk State Agrarian University

Abstract

Relevance. Pea rust regularly damages the vegetable pea crop in the Omsk region. The harmfulness of the disease has begun to intensify in recent years; in years favorable for the development of the disease, the damage to susceptible varieties can be 100%. Therefore, breeders are forced to constantly search for new sources of resistance genes due to the rapidly developing rust pathogens. The goal of our research is to screen samples of a vegetable pea collection under field conditions in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia and identify sources of resistance.Material and Methodology. As an object for study, 72 samples of vegetable peas were taken from the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) and the “Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after. N.I. Vavilov" (VIR). The research was conducted over four years from 2020 to 2023. in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The records were carried out in accordance with the “Methodological instructions for studying the collection of grain legumes”.Results and Discussion. As a result of the studies, it was established that the resistance of vegetable peas to rust depends on both the genotype and weather conditions. Weather conditions had the greatest influence on the development of the disease (the factor’s share was 51.5%), the contribution of the genotype was also significant and amounted to 44.8%. The resistance of collection samples to rust in the conditions of the Omsk region varied from low (2.8 points) in warm and humid weather to very high (7.8 points) in dry and hot weather. The main influence on the spread of rust is exerted by the hydrothermal conditions of the “flowering – ripening” period (r=-0.98±0.11). Plant resistance to rust varies greatly depending on growing conditions (Cve=20.2-54.6%). The variety Darunok had the least variability of the trait over the years (Cve=20.2%), which will most consistently maintain resistance when the infectious load increases. As a result of screening of collection material of vegetable peas, sources of partial resistance to rust were identified for breeding in Western Siberia: varieties Darunok, Namorodok (Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)), Orel, Cruiser, Vityaz, Flagman-8, Nemchinovsky 46, B-579, In Memory of Khangildin (VIR collection).