{"title":"The economic burden of bipolar disorder: a case study in Southern Iran.","authors":"Zohreh Shaker, Zahra Goudarzi, Ramin Ravangard, Zinab Shaker, Arvin Hedayati, Khosro Keshavarz","doi":"10.1186/s12962-024-00560-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar Disorder (BD) imposes considerable economic and social burdens on the community. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the economic burden of bipolar disorder in patients referred to single-specialty psychiatric hospitals at the secondary and tertiary care level in 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This partial economic evaluation was conducted as a cross-sectional study in the south of Iran in 2022, and 916 patients were selected through the census method. The prevalence-based and bottom-up approaches were used to collect cost information and calculate the costs, respectively. The data on Direct Medical Costs (DMC), Direct Non-Medical Costs (DNMC), and Indirect costs (IC) were obtained using the information from the patients' medical records and bills as well as the self-reports by the patients or their companions. The human capital approach was also used to calculate IC.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results showed that in 2022, the annual cost of bipolar disorder was $4,227 per patient. The largest share of the costs was that of DMC (77.66%), with hoteling and ordinary beds accounting for the highest expenses (55.40%). The shares of DNMC and IC were 6.37% and 15.97%, respectively, and the economic burden of the disease in the country was estimated at $2,799,787,266 as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, the costs of bipolar disorder treatment could impose a heavy economic burden on the community, the health system, the insurance system, and the patients themselves. Considering the high costs of hoteling and ordinary beds, it is suggested that hospitalization of BD patients be reduced by managing treatment solutions along with prevention methods to reduce the economic burden of this disease. Furthermore, in order to reduce the costs, proper and fair distribution of psychiatrists and psychiatric beds as well as expansion of home care services and use of the Internet and virtual technologies to follow up the treatment of these patients are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":47054,"journal":{"name":"Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation","volume":"22 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264727/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-024-00560-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: Bipolar Disorder (BD) imposes considerable economic and social burdens on the community. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the economic burden of bipolar disorder in patients referred to single-specialty psychiatric hospitals at the secondary and tertiary care level in 2022.
Methods: This partial economic evaluation was conducted as a cross-sectional study in the south of Iran in 2022, and 916 patients were selected through the census method. The prevalence-based and bottom-up approaches were used to collect cost information and calculate the costs, respectively. The data on Direct Medical Costs (DMC), Direct Non-Medical Costs (DNMC), and Indirect costs (IC) were obtained using the information from the patients' medical records and bills as well as the self-reports by the patients or their companions. The human capital approach was also used to calculate IC.
Findings: The results showed that in 2022, the annual cost of bipolar disorder was $4,227 per patient. The largest share of the costs was that of DMC (77.66%), with hoteling and ordinary beds accounting for the highest expenses (55.40%). The shares of DNMC and IC were 6.37% and 15.97%, respectively, and the economic burden of the disease in the country was estimated at $2,799,787,266 as well.
Conclusion: In general, the costs of bipolar disorder treatment could impose a heavy economic burden on the community, the health system, the insurance system, and the patients themselves. Considering the high costs of hoteling and ordinary beds, it is suggested that hospitalization of BD patients be reduced by managing treatment solutions along with prevention methods to reduce the economic burden of this disease. Furthermore, in order to reduce the costs, proper and fair distribution of psychiatrists and psychiatric beds as well as expansion of home care services and use of the Internet and virtual technologies to follow up the treatment of these patients are recommended.
期刊介绍：
Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal that considers manuscripts on all aspects of cost-effectiveness analysis, including conceptual or methodological work, economic evaluations, and policy analysis related to resource allocation at a national or international level. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation is aimed at health economists, health services researchers, and policy-makers with an interest in enhancing the flow and transfer of knowledge relating to efficiency in the health sector. Manuscripts are encouraged from researchers based in low- and middle-income countries, with a view to increasing the international economic evidence base for health.
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