Features of the immune system and levels of blood transport components in residents of the arctic of the Russian Federation

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY American Journal of Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI:10.1002/ajhb.24136

Ksenya O. Pashinskaya, Anna V. Samodova, Liliya K. Dobrodeeva

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Abstract

Changes in the immune status and the content of blood transport components reflect adaptations in the human body in response to adverse factors, showcasing the organism's adaptive capabilities and functional state. In this study, we aimed to determine the features of the immune system and levels of transport components of the blood system in residents of the Arctic of the Russian Federation.

Methods

The peripheral venous blood of 191 residents of the Arctic of the Russian Federation (Murmansk Oblast) aged 21–55 analyzed comprehensively. Blood was sampled from the ulnar vein on an empty stomach in the morning. The hemogram, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, lymphocyte content with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD16, CD71, CD25, HLA-DR and CD95 phenotypes, concentrations of cytokines: TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, extracellular receptor pool: sCD71, sCD62L, sApo-1/Fas, sFasL, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and blood transport components: haptoglobin (Hp), transferrin, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE (immunoglobulins M, G, A and E) low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative, factorial, and regression analyses.

Results

Residents of the Murmansk Oblast exhibit a high prevalence of erythrocytosis (62.3%), thrombocytosis (25.0%), leukocytosis (20.1%), and increased hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations (42.5%), coupled with a significantly decreased level of active phagocytes (47.6%). A significantly decreased level of lymphocytes with phenotypes CD3 (92.4%), CD4 (40.4%), CD71 (62.3%) was revealed, coupled with the activation of lymphocytes with phenotypes CD16 (50.1%), CD8 (37.5%), CD19 (15.9%) and increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ (47.9%), IL-6 (33.3%), and TNF-α (20.1%). Elevated levels of sCD71 (56.6%), sCD62L (32.1%), sApo-1/Fas (22.1%), sFasL (10.2%), and autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA (57.1%), RNA (10.4%), and oLDL (oxidized-modified LDL) (16.3%) were recorded in residents of the Murmansk Oblast.

Arctic residents showed elevated concentrations of Hp (63.3%), IgM (63.9%), IgA (42.4%), IgE (18.8%), LDL (24.9%), and a decreased level of HDL (21.1%) owing to an ApoA-I ligand deficiency (58.1%). Elevated levels of Hp in the blood are associated with increased erythrocyte aggregation frequency, T-lymphocyte activation, and increased concentration of free receptors of the extracellular pool. Increased IgM and IgA levels in the blood are attributed to the need to bind components of the extracellular receptor pool sCD71, sCD62L, sApo-1/Fas, sFasL and are associated with decreased levels lymphocyte with CD8 and CD16 phenotypes. The humoral immune response in Arctic residents is triggered when the cellular component of immunity is under strain which compounded by ineffective clearance of metabolic byproducts owing to imbalanced LDL and HDL lipid transport complexes.

Conclusions

The immune system of Arctic residents is characterized by excessive cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes and increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, free forms of receptors of the extracellular pool, and autoantibodies. The change in the content of transport components of the blood system is directed at maintaining homeostasis by exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties.

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俄罗斯联邦北极地区居民的免疫系统特征和血液运输成分水平。

免疫状态和血液运输成分含量的变化反映了人体在应对不利因素时的适应性，展示了机体的适应能力和功能状态。本研究旨在确定俄罗斯联邦北极地区居民免疫系统的特征和血液系统运输成分的含量：对俄罗斯联邦北极地区（摩尔曼斯克州）191 名 21-55 岁居民的外周静脉血进行了全面分析。早晨空腹从尺静脉采血。血液图、中性粒细胞的吞噬活性、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD10、CD19、CD16、CD71、CD25、HLA-DR 和 CD95 表型的淋巴细胞含量、细胞因子浓度：对细胞外受体池：sCD71、sCD62L、sApo-1/Fas、sFasL、循环免疫复合物（CIC）和血液转运成分：隐血红蛋白（Hp）、转铁蛋白、IgM、IgG、IgA、IgE（免疫球蛋白 M、G、A 和 E）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）进行了评估。结果通过描述性统计、比较分析、因子分析和回归分析进行了分析：结果：摩尔曼斯克州居民的红细胞增多症（62.3%）、血小板增多症（25.0%）、白细胞增多症（20.1%）和血红蛋白（Hb）浓度升高（42.5%）的发病率很高，同时活性吞噬细胞的水平明显下降（47.6%）。表型为 CD3（92.4%）、CD4（40.4%）和 CD71（62.3%）的淋巴细胞水平明显下降，表型为 CD16（50.1%）、CD8（37.5%）和 CD19（15.9%）的淋巴细胞活化，促炎性 IFN-γ（47.9%）、IL-6（33.3%）和 TNF-α（20.1%）浓度升高。摩尔曼斯克州居民的 sCD71（56.6%）、sCD62L（32.1%）、sApo-1/Fas（22.1%）、sFasL（10.2%）以及双链 DNA（57.1%）、RNA（10.4%）和 oLDL（氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白）（16.3%）自身抗体水平升高。北极居民的 Hp (63.3%)、IgM (63.9%)、IgA (42.4%)、IgE (18.8%)、LDL (24.9%) 含量升高，HDL (21.1%) 含量降低，原因是缺乏载脂蛋白 A-I 配体 (58.1%)。血液中 Hp 水平升高与红细胞聚集频率增加、T 淋巴细胞活化和细胞外池游离受体浓度增加有关。血液中 IgM 和 IgA 含量的增加是由于需要结合细胞外受体池中的 sCD71、sCD62L、sApo-1/Fas、sFasL 等成分，并与具有 CD8 和 CD16 表型的淋巴细胞数量减少有关。由于低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白脂质转运复合物失衡，导致代谢副产品无法有效清除，北极居民的体液免疫反应在免疫的细胞成分处于紧张状态时被触发：北极居民免疫系统的特点是淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性过高，促炎细胞因子、细胞外受体的游离形式和自身抗体的浓度增加。血液系统中运输成分含量的变化旨在通过抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节特性来维持体内平衡。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Human Biology 生物-生物学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

13.80%

发文量

124

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.