Optimizing neurological treatments with nasal drug delivery systems

Abstract

The treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system disorders is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the penetration of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Nasal Drug delivery system leverages the unique anatomy of the nasal cavity, allowing for direct access to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. This, combined with hepatic metabolism and drug elimination, reduces treatment efficacy, requires high doses, and often induces side effects. Nose-to-brain drug delivery bypasses the BBB, increasing drug concentration in the brain. The present review highlights the Mechanisms of Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain, Advantages and disadvantages of Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain, Nasal Drug Delivery Devices and recent studies on nose-to-brain drug delivery