Influence of Fibre Loading on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Fibre Reinforced Polyethylene Composites

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an invasive aquatic weed, threatens ecosystems by rapidly spreading across water surfaces. However, this study investigates its potential as a fibre source for various applications. Decorticated water hyacinth fibres were mixed into a polyethylene matrix at different weight ratios (0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%). The resulting composites underwent thorough physico-mechanical characterization. Tensile strength showed a non-linear relationship with fibre content with the 5% fibre composite exhibiting the highest strength at 8.6 MPa. Fractographic analysis revealed the strength reduction was due to poor interfacial bonding. Flexural and impact strength increased with higher fibre content, peaking at 10.07 MPa and 26 J m-1, respectively, in the 12.5% fibre composite. Composite hardness rose from 43.9 to 45.5 Shore D with fibre inclusion, while density decreased. Moisture absorption and flammability increased with fibre content. This study highlights the potential of water hyacinth fibre reinforcement in polymer composites.