Gut microbiome: new diagnostic and treatment options

Abstract

The gut microbiome is of undeniable contribution to the functioning of numerous human organ systems, including higher nervous activity and behavioral reactions, and largely determines the activity of the immune system. To date, a large amount of knowledge has been accumulated about the importance of the composition, diversity and functional properties of the gut microbiota both for maintaining the human body in a state of health and for the development of pathology. Changes in the human organism are inevitably accompanied by changes in species composition and microbiome diversity. Certain patterns of changes in the human gut microbiome throughout life, as well as changes in its functional activity under the infl uence of external factors and food preferences. This research is based on search results in databases and electronic libraries PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, eLibrary in the period from 2012 to 2023. The review is devoted to the analysis of gut microbiome as a marker and predictor of chronic socially signifi cant non-communicable diseases, as well as an integral component of health gain in the context of a personalized approach of modern therapeutic strategies.