Modifying the Characteristics of the Electrical Arc Generated during Hot Switching by Reinforcing Silver and Copper Matrices with Carbon Nanotubes

IF 4.7 3区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ACS Applied Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI:10.3390/jcs8070285

Bruno Alderete, Christian Schäfer, U. Pranav Nayak, F. Mücklich, S. Suárez

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Abstract

Switching elements are crucial components in electrical and electronic systems that undergo severe degradation due to the electrical arc that is generated during breaking. Understanding the behavior of the electrical arc and modifying its characteristics via proper electrode design can significantly improve durability while also promoting optimal performance, reliability, and safety in circuit breakers. This work evaluates the feasibility of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced silver and copper metal matrix composites (MMCs) as switching electrodes and the influence of CNT concentration on the characteristics of the arcs generated. Accordingly, three different concentrations per MMC were manufactured via powder metallurgy. The MMCs and reference materials were subjected to a single break operation and the electrical arcs generated using 100 W and 200 W resistive loads were analyzed. The proposed MMCs displayed promising results for application in low-voltage switches. The addition of CNTs improved performance by maintaining the arc’s energy in the silver MMCs and reducing the arc’s energy in the copper MMCs. Moreover, a CNT concentration of at least 2 wt.% is required to prevent unstable arcs in both metallic matrices. Increased CNT content further promotes the splitting of the electrical arc due to a more complex phase distribution, thereby reducing the arc’s spatial energy density.

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用碳纳米管增强银和铜基体，改变热转换过程中产生的电弧特性

开关元件是电气和电子系统中的关键部件，在断路过程中产生的电弧会导致其严重老化。了解电弧的行为并通过适当的电极设计来改变其特性，可以显著提高断路器的耐用性，同时促进其达到最佳性能、可靠性和安全性。本研究评估了碳纳米管（CNT）增强银铜金属基复合材料（MMC）作为开关电极的可行性，以及碳纳米管浓度对电弧特性的影响。因此，通过粉末冶金法制造了三种不同浓度的金属基复合材料。对 MMC 和参考材料进行了单次断开操作，并分析了使用 100 W 和 200 W 电阻负载产生的电弧。所提出的 MMC 在低压开关中的应用效果良好。添加碳纳米管后，银 MMC 的电弧能量得以保持，而铜 MMC 的电弧能量则有所降低，从而提高了性能。此外，要防止在两种金属基材中产生不稳定的电弧，CNT 的浓度至少要达到 2 wt.%。增加碳纳米管的含量可进一步促进电弧的分裂，使相位分布更加复杂，从而降低电弧的空间能量密度。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

567

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Electronic Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of electronic materials. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials science, engineering, optics, physics, and chemistry into important applications of electronic materials. Sample research topics that span the journal's scope are inorganic, organic, ionic and polymeric materials with properties that include conducting, semiconducting, superconducting, insulating, dielectric, magnetic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and thermoelectric. Indexed/Abstracted： Web of Science SCIE Scopus CAS INSPEC Portico

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