A Review: CRISPR Cas System and the Mechanism With an Inhibition of Binding of CRISPR Cas‐9

Abstract

CRISPR Cas system is a revolutionary and precise genome editing system that induces bacterial and archaeal adaptive immunity and already has shown several promising applications in the treatment of genetic diseases and detection of nucleic acid targets. It is a complex tool, comprising diverse effector proteins and guide RNA that can be applied to dissociate and modify genes in living organisms along with the in vitro process. The review concentrates on the advances accomplished from some recent years to 2023 for the emergence of predicting actions of Cas protein with the guide RNA (gRNA), playing a key role in genome editing. This review emphasizes the effect of DNA structure and chromosomal protein on Cas 9 binding with a distinct classification of Cas types. The relevance of this review is highlighted by the significance of the rapid development of wide study methods and their potential impacts on the efficiency of the CRISPR Cas system. We have analyzed recent kinds of literature in this work to integrate a deep learning way that contributes over the next time with some important discussion about viral resistance in eukaryotes along with some cancer treatment strategies, and crop improvement by the CRISPR Cas system.