Identification of physiological race of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) and reaction of bread wheat cultivars to emerging dominant races

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Tropical Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1007/s40858-024-00670-4
Mosisa Tolossa, Girma Adugna, Bekele Hundie
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Abstract

Stem rust is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat crops. This study was conducted to identify pathogenic variation in wheat stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) population and evaluation of wheat cultivars to emerging dominant races. For handling diseased samples, major wheat growing areas were selected by multistage sampling technique. Accordingly, 4 zones and 6 districts were selected to get representative disease isolates for race analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done to classify cultivars. Fifty seven single pustules of stem rust were isolated from 86 samples, analyzed using twenty stem rust differentials genes and designated to six races. Among identified races, TKKTF was dominant accounting for 38 % of the isolates followed by TKTTF containing 21.1% of the isolates. TTKTT was the most virulent race identified in current study, 95% of Sr genes susceptible including Sr24, an effective stem rust resistance gene to several stem rust races so far encountered in Ethiopia. The cultivars were classified into 4 hierarchical clusters based on their infection reaction. Among 22 cultivars, four showed low infection type (IT) to race under evaluations. The current statuses of rust race warrants the intimate use of gene edition technology that is a fast track for rust mitigation. Moreover, breeding for stem rust should include screening of resistance genes in wild relatives, wide wheat germplasm to develop varieties tolerant to new and emerging races.

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鉴定小麦茎锈病(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)的生理学种群以及面包小麦栽培品种对新出现的优势种群的反应
茎锈病是小麦作物最重要的叶面病害之一。本研究旨在确定小麦茎锈病真菌(Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici)种群的致病性变异,并评估小麦栽培品种对新出现的优势品系的适应性。为处理病害样本,采用多级抽样技术选择了主要的小麦种植区。因此,选取了 4 个区和 6 个县,以获得具有代表性的病害分离物,用于种族分析。采用层次聚类分析法对栽培品种进行分类。从 86 个样本中分离出 57 个茎锈病单个脓疱,使用 20 个茎锈病差异基因进行分析,并确定为 6 个种族。在已识别出的种族中,TKKTF占优势,占分离株数的38%,其次是TKTTF,占分离株数的21.1%。TTKTT是本次研究中发现的毒性最强的种族,95%的Sr基因易感,包括Sr24,它是迄今为止在埃塞俄比亚遇到的几个茎锈病种族的有效抗茎锈病基因。根据感染反应,栽培品种被分为 4 个等级组。在 22 个栽培品种中,有 4 个对评估对象的侵染类型(IT)较低。根据目前的锈病状况,应充分利用基因编辑技术,这是减轻锈病的捷径。此外,针对茎锈病的育种工作应包括筛选野生近缘种和广义小麦种质中的抗性基因,以培育耐受新出现的锈病的品种。
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来源期刊
Tropical Plant Pathology
Tropical Plant Pathology PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tropical Plant Pathology is an international journal devoted to publishing a wide range of research on fundamental and applied aspects of plant diseases of concern to agricultural, forest and ornamental crops from tropical and subtropical environments.  Submissions must report original research that provides new insights into the etiology and epidemiology of plant disease as well as population biology of plant pathogens, host-pathogen interactions, physiological and molecular plant pathology, and strategies to promote crop protection. The journal considers for publication: original articles, short communications, reviews and letters to the editor. For more details please check the submission guidelines. Founded in 1976, the journal is the official publication of the Brazilian Phytopathology Society.
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