Prevalence and factors associated with opioid use disorder among adolescents with sickle cell disease in Mulago hospital, Uganda.

Abstract

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) among adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) patients increases their risk of complications from sickle cell disease, such as infections, stroke, acute chest syndrome, sudden death, and organ failure. This negatively impacts families, communities, the national health system, and the economy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with opioid use disorder among adolescents with SCD at Mulago Hospital Uganda.

Methods: This study was carried out at the Sickle Cell Clinic of Mulago Hospital, the national referral hospital in Uganda. The study participants were adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Following informed consent/ assent, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test - Young (ASSIST-Y), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI II), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was entered in EpiInfo and analyzed in STATA 15.

Results: The prevalence of opioid use disorder was 5.3%. The significant risk factor was increasing depressive score AOR: 1.11(95% CI: 1.01-1.22, p = 0.035), while living with a family was protective against opioid use disorders AOR: 0.01; (95% CI: 0.0004, 0.27, p = 0.007).

Conclusion: There was a significant problem of OUD among adolescents with SCD. There is, therefore, needed to integrate screening of OUD and mental illnesses like depression among adolescents with SCD and to emphasize the importance of family support in their care.