Fluorogenic RNA-Based Biosensors of Small Molecules: Current Developments, Uses, and Perspectives

Biosensors Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.3390/bios14080376
Janine Kehrli, Claire Husser, Michael Ryckelynck
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Abstract

Small molecules are highly relevant targets for detection and quantification. They are also used to diagnose and monitor the progression of disease and infectious processes and track the presence of contaminants. Fluorogenic RNA-based biosensors (FRBs) represent an appealing solution to the problem of detecting these targets. They combine the portability of molecular systems with the sensitivity and multiplexing capacity of fluorescence, as well as the exquisite ligand selectivity of RNA aptamers. In this review, we first present the different sensing and reporting aptamer modules currently available to design an FRB, together with the main methodologies used to discover modules with new specificities. We next introduce and discuss how both modules can be functionally connected prior to exploring the main applications for which FRB have been used. Finally, we conclude by discussing how using alternative nucleotide chemistries may improve FRB properties and further widen their application scope.
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基于荧光 RNA 的小分子生物传感器:当前发展、用途和前景
小分子是高度相关的检测和量化目标。它们还可用于诊断和监测疾病和传染过程的进展,以及追踪污染物的存在。基于荧光 RNA 的生物传感器(FRB)是检测这些靶标的一个极具吸引力的解决方案。它们结合了分子系统的便携性、荧光的灵敏度和多路复用能力,以及 RNA 类似物的精致配体选择性。在本综述中,我们首先介绍了目前可用于设计 FRB 的不同传感和报告适配体模块,以及用于发现具有新特异性的模块的主要方法。接下来,在探讨 FRB 的主要应用之前,我们将介绍和讨论如何在功能上将这两个模块联系起来。最后,我们将讨论使用替代核苷酸化学物质如何改善 FRB 特性并进一步拓宽其应用范围。
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