Time to recovery from severe community-acquired pneumonia and its predictors among 6 to 59 months of age children admitted to South Wollo zone public hospitals, North East Ethiopia: a prospective follow-up study.

Abstract

Introduction: Ethiopia is one of those countries with higher burden of community acquired pneumonia among its people, under five children are the members of society that are highly affected by pneumonia particularly Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia. However, there are limited studies on time to recovery and its predictors in under-five children and most of them are retrospective which fails to address important variables that affect the time to recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the median time to recovery and its predictors among under five children admitted to South Wollo zone public hospitals, North East Ethiopia.

Methods: An institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted from March 10 to May 10, 2021, with 270 study subjects. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data was collected by interview and chart review. The data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14.0, respectively. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to test the time and predictors of recovery from severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Results: The overall incidence of recovery rate (95% confidence interval) from Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia was 20.45(17.84-23.46) per 100 person days observation with median (IQR) time to recovery of [3, 5] days. The predictors of time to recovery from Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia were having comorbidities on admission [AHR = 0.49 (95%CI: 0.32,0.75)], reaching hospitals after 5 days of onset of symptoms [AHR = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.20,0.60)], having Middle Upper Arm Circumference < = 12.5 cm [AHR = 0.21 (95%CI: 0.12,0.37)], the presence of smoker in the house [AHR = 0.21 (95%CI: 0.10,0.42)] and being not fully immunized for age [AHR = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.24,0.53)].

Conclusion and recommendations: Generally the recovery time of children with Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia in the study area was within the recommended national standards. Due attention should be given to children with the identified predictors while treating them.