Patterns and Drivers of Taxonomic and Functional Change in Large Oceanic Island Bird Assemblages

IF 6.3 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Global Ecology and Biogeography Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI:10.1111/geb.13902
Filipa C. Soares, Ricardo F. de Lima, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Pedro Cardoso, Thomas J. Matthews, Jorge M. Palmeirim
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Abstract

Aim

We map global patterns of taxonomic and functional change between past (pre-human impacts) and present (after anthropogenic extinctions and introductions) in large oceanic island bird assemblages and investigate if these patterns can be explained by island characteristics and anthropogenic factors.

Location

Sixty-four oceanic islands (>100 km2).

Time Period

Late Holocene.

Major Taxa Studied

Terrestrial and freshwater bird species.

Methods

We compiled information on extinct, extant native and introduced bird species for all islands and used a probabilistic hypervolume approach to build a multi-dimensional trait space and calculate several functional diversity metrics before and after extinctions and introductions. We identified which islands are global hotspots of human-induced transformation by mapping multiple facets of biotic change and investigated intrinsic island characteristics and anthropogenic factors as drivers for these observed patterns.

Results

The Hawaiian and Mascarene islands stand out as hotspots of taxonomic and functional change, but all islands changed taxonomically and functionally, mostly gaining species but losing functional richness. Taxonomic and functional changes vary across islands but are often consistent within the same archipelago. Island isolation and surface can explain some of the observed variations, but anthropogenic factors, namely human occupation, also shaped both taxonomic and functional changes. Islands with higher human pressure, as well as larger islands with high elevation ranges, tended to have greater losses in functional richness.

Main Conclusions

Most biodiversity change assessments are still largely based exclusively on taxonomic diversity, which is particularly worrying in the case of oceanic islands given that the magnitude of functional diversity change is often considerably larger. We call for comprehensive assessments of changes in both taxonomic and functional diversity across oceanic islands in order to better understand the drivers of these changes and, in turn, predict future trends.

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大洋洲岛屿鸟类群落分类和功能变化的模式与驱动因素
我们绘制了大型海洋岛屿鸟类群落在过去(人类影响之前)和现在(人为灭绝和引入之后)之间的分类和功能变化的全球模式图,并研究这些模式是否可以用岛屿特征和人为因素来解释。
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来源期刊
Global Ecology and Biogeography
Global Ecology and Biogeography 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
3.10%
发文量
170
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Global Ecology and Biogeography (GEB) welcomes papers that investigate broad-scale (in space, time and/or taxonomy), general patterns in the organization of ecological systems and assemblages, and the processes that underlie them. In particular, GEB welcomes studies that use macroecological methods, comparative analyses, meta-analyses, reviews, spatial analyses and modelling to arrive at general, conceptual conclusions. Studies in GEB need not be global in spatial extent, but the conclusions and implications of the study must be relevant to ecologists and biogeographers globally, rather than being limited to local areas, or specific taxa. Similarly, GEB is not limited to spatial studies; we are equally interested in the general patterns of nature through time, among taxa (e.g., body sizes, dispersal abilities), through the course of evolution, etc. Further, GEB welcomes papers that investigate general impacts of human activities on ecological systems in accordance with the above criteria.
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