Plant phenology modulates and undersown cover crops mitigate N2O emissions

IF 9.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE Soil Biology & Biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109548
Ezekiel K. Bore , Pauliina Turunen , Outi-Maaria Sietiö , Lukas Kohl , Markku I.K. Koskinen , Jussi Heinonsalo , Kristiina L. Karhu , Mari K. Pihlatie
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Abstract

Mitigation of N2O emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, remain challenging due to knowledge gaps in plant-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation pathways, which limits ability to identify optimal approaches for efficient N utilization. We set up mesocosms with barley, Italian ryegrass, and barley in combination with Italian ryegrass to assess role of cover crop in N2O emission mitigation. Soil emitted N2O was collected simultaneously from the pots with plants at three growth stages: namely, vegetative, canopy expansion, and grain filling. The gas sample N2O contents, N in microbial biomass (MBN), mineral N content, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis in soils were determined at the three growth stages. Cumulatively, highest N2O was emitted from soil under Italian ryegrass (0.056 mg N g−1 soil) followed by barley (0.0051 mg N g−1 soil) and the least under barley and Italian ryegrass combination (0.0014 mg N g−1 soil). The high emissions under Italian ryegrass occurred at vegetative stage due to high reactive N availability. Strong emissions were observed at canopy expansion stage under barley and were linked to access to the large mineral N proportion redistributed to the lower depth as depicted by highest MBN (0.025 mg N g−1 soil) and decreased extractable N (0.0068 mg N g−1 soil). The high emissions under barley correlated with high fungal/bacterial ratio, pointing towards a fungal role in the emissions. The least soil N2O emissions under barley and Italian ryegrass combination were accompanied by elimination of variations induced by the plant growth stages. Absence of 18:2ω6,9 fungal PLFA biomarker under barley and Italian ryegrass combination indicates a potential inhibition and corresponds with reduced N2O emissions. Together, these results broaden our understanding on how plant-soil interactions drives N2O emissions processes and improves our ability to identify optimal plant-based emission mitigation approaches.

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植物物候调节和播种不足的覆盖作物可减少一氧化二氮的排放
由于在植物介导的氮(N)转化途径方面存在知识空白,减少氮氧化物(一种强效温室气体)的排放仍然具有挑战性,这限制了确定有效利用氮的最佳方法的能力。我们用大麦、意大利黑麦草以及大麦与意大利黑麦草结合建立了中观模型,以评估覆盖作物在减少氮氧化物排放方面的作用。在植物的三个生长阶段(即植株生长期、冠层扩展期和籽粒灌浆期),我们同时从盆中收集了土壤中排放的氮。测定了三个生长阶段的气样氮氧化物含量、微生物生物量(MBN)中的氮含量、矿物氮含量以及土壤中磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析。累计结果表明,意大利黑麦草的氮排放量最高(0.056 毫克氮克土壤),其次是大麦(0.0051 毫克氮克土壤),而大麦和意大利黑麦草的氮排放量最低(0.0014 毫克氮克土壤)。意大利黑麦草的高排放量出现在植被期,原因是活性氮的供应量高。在大麦的冠层扩展阶段观察到了较高的排放量,这与获得的大量矿质氮比例重新分配到较低深度有关,表现为最高的 MBN(0.025 毫克氮/克土壤)和可提取氮的减少(0.0068 毫克氮/克土壤)。大麦的高排放量与真菌/细菌的高比例相关,表明真菌在排放量中的作用。大麦和意大利黑麦草组合的土壤氮氧化物排放量最少,这是因为植物生长阶段引起的变化被消除了。在大麦和意大利黑麦草组合下,真菌 PLFA 生物标志物的缺失表明潜在的抑制作用,并与氮氧化物排放量的减少相对应。总之,这些结果拓宽了我们对植物与土壤相互作用如何推动氮氧化物排放过程的认识,并提高了我们确定基于植物的最佳减排方法的能力。
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来源期刊
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Soil Biology & Biochemistry 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
16.90
自引率
9.30%
发文量
312
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: Soil Biology & Biochemistry publishes original research articles of international significance focusing on biological processes in soil and their applications to soil and environmental quality. Major topics include the ecology and biochemical processes of soil organisms, their effects on the environment, and interactions with plants. The journal also welcomes state-of-the-art reviews and discussions on contemporary research in soil biology and biochemistry.
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