Reassessment of Thor® 115 parent metal performance including consideration of notch behavior

Abstract

In recent years, the waning of creep rupture ductility in the long term, and sensitivity to creep damage tolerance of creep strength-enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels were put under the spotlight. The loss of ductility and damage accumulation at stress concentrations may result in early failures of boiler components, and potentially result in severe economic impact and/or safety concerns. To address the potentially undesirable materials performance, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code has recently introduced rules for identification of damage intolerant behavior by means of testing, and for design of boiler components with creep damage-intolerant CSEF steels, as Code Case 3048. As of today, only Grade 91 Type 2 material has been classified as a damage tolerant steel.

The Thor® 115 (T115) CSEF steel has entered the market in recent years and has since been used for the construction of several combined cycle power plants. This CSEF steel was developed as an evolution to Grade 91, with chemical composition modifications to enhance the resistance to steam oxidation while ensuring long-term microstructural stability, and therefore permitting its use for the higher temperature boiler components, as an alternative to stainless steels. While chemical composition and manufacturing precautions prescribed for Grade 91 Type 2 also apply to T115, an assessment of the materials’ damage tolerance following design standards criteria, and including extensive metallurgical characterization, has not yet been published.

This work presents up-to-date uniaxial creep testing results of T115 CSEF, and the derived creep-rupture ductility and damage tolerance parameter evaluation. In addition, results from notched bar creep testing are presented, illustrating the material's response to multiaxial stress states. Post-test metallographic examination of ruptured specimens was also performed and findings are discussed.