The strengthening case that simuliids play a role in Amazon region Hepatitis-B transmission

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111460

Cláudia Patrícia Mendes de Araújo , Antônio Alcirley da Silva Balieiro , James Lee Crainey

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) outbreaks are typically associated with injection drug use and high-risk sexual behavior; however, some cannot be easily explained in these terms. The messy blood-feeding methods of simuliids, provoked Chanteau et al. to investigate the simuliid-facilitated Hepatitis-B transmission (SFHBVT) hypothesis in French Polynesia in the early 1990s. Souto et al. later proposed the hypothesis could explain a HBV outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon which they suggested was driven by the biting of the M. ozzardi vector Simulium oyapockense. A recent Amazon region blood bank survey has provided important further support for the SFHBVT hypothesis playing a role in Amazon region transmission, but the results of this study have hitherto not been discussed in a SFHBVT context. Mansonella ozzardi positive donations were significantly more likely to test positive in anti-HBc and anti-HBc plus HBsAg tests than were M. ozzardi negative donations, suggesting both exposure to the HBV and HBV infections are significantly more common in individuals infected with M. ozzardi. It is argued here that these Amazon region blood bank observations substantially increase the viability of the SFHBVT hypothesis and thus that the hypothesis should be considered more carefully when HBV disease control measures are formulated for the Brazilian Amazon region and indeed beyond.

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加强模拟人在亚马逊地区乙型肝炎传播中的作用

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的爆发通常与注射吸毒和高危性行为有关；然而，有些情况并不能简单地用这些术语来解释。20 世纪 90 年代初，模拟人杂乱的吸血方式促使尚托等人在法属波利尼西亚研究了模拟人促进乙型肝炎传播（SFHBVT）假说。后来，Souto 等人提出该假说可以解释巴西亚马逊地区爆发的乙肝病毒疫情，他们认为该疫情是由病媒叮咬引起的。最近的一项亚马逊地区血库调查为 SFHBVT 假说在亚马逊地区传播中发挥作用提供了重要的进一步支持，但这项研究的结果迄今尚未在 SFHBVT 的背景下进行讨论。阳性捐献者在抗-HBc 和抗-HBc 加 HBsAg 检测中呈阳性的可能性明显高于阴性捐献者，这表明在感染 HBV 的个体中，暴露于 HBV 和 HBV 感染都明显更为常见。本文认为，亚马逊地区血库的这些观察结果大大提高了 SFHBVT 假设的可行性，因此，在为巴西亚马逊地区乃至更远的地区制定 HBV 疾病控制措施时，应更谨慎地考虑该假设。

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来源期刊

Medical hypotheses 医学-医学：研究与实验

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

2.10%

发文量

167

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： Medical Hypotheses is a forum for ideas in medicine and related biomedical sciences. It will publish interesting and important theoretical papers that foster the diversity and debate upon which the scientific process thrives. The Aims and Scope of Medical Hypotheses are no different now from what was proposed by the founder of the journal, the late Dr David Horrobin. In his introduction to the first issue of the Journal, he asks ''what sorts of papers will be published in Medical Hypotheses? and goes on to answer ''Medical Hypotheses will publish papers which describe theories, ideas which have a great deal of observational support and some hypotheses where experimental support is yet fragmentary''. (Horrobin DF, 1975 Ideas in Biomedical Science: Reasons for the foundation of Medical Hypotheses. Medical Hypotheses Volume 1, Issue 1, January-February 1975, Pages 1-2.). Medical Hypotheses was therefore launched, and still exists today, to give novel, radical new ideas and speculations in medicine open-minded consideration, opening the field to radical hypotheses which would be rejected by most conventional journals. Papers in Medical Hypotheses take a standard scientific form in terms of style, structure and referencing. The journal therefore constitutes a bridge between cutting-edge theory and the mainstream of medical and scientific communication, which ideas must eventually enter if they are to be critiqued and tested against observations.