Enhanced Electron-accepting Properties in Polyaniline, Tungsten, and Polymer Nanocomposites

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI), Tungsten oxide (WO₃), and PANI:WO₃ nanocomposites are prepared by a simple chemical synthesis method and samples are characterized by various characterization. techniques. SEM analysis showed that the WO₃ nanoparticles have a strong effect on the morphology of the nanocomposites. The PANI composite exhibited distinctive spherical, granular, and organism-like structures, indicating successful synergistic interactions between PANI and WO₃. Elemental analysis confirmed the formation of pure WO₃ nanoparticles. The XRD pattern exhibits distinct peaks at 27.6° and 32.5°, which correspond to the (2 0 1) and (0 2 2) planes of WO₃, respectively. These peaks indicate an anorthic crystal structure. The observed peak positions are in good agreement with the standard values provided in JCPDS Card nos. 83–0947 and 72–0677, confirming the accurate determination of the crystal structures. Optical emission and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed changes in electronic transitions and band structures, indicating semiconducting behavior of the PANI nanocomposites. Notably, the direct band gap energy of the PANI composite was found to be 3.84 eV, compared to the band gap energies of pure PANI and WO₃ at 4.26 eV. This observed decrease in band gap energy further suggests enhanced semiconducting properties of the composite. FT-IR spectroscopy highlighted common bonding characteristics, affirming the effective integration of PANI and WO₃. Electrical studies unveiled enhanced charge carrier mobility, promising advanced electronic applications. The synthesized samples are evaluated for their antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium. The results demonstrate significant bactericidal activity, as evidenced by the clear zones of inhibition measuring approximately 11–13 mm in diameter.