“Glycans in Trained Immunity: Educators of innate immune memory in homeostasis and disease”

IF 2.4 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Carbohydrate Research Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2024.109245
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Abstract

Trained Immunity is defined as a biological process normally induced by exogenous or endogenous insults that triggers epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events associated with long-term adaptation of innate immune cells. This trained phenotype confers enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers, resulting in an innate immune “memory” effect. Trained Immunity, in the past decade, has revealed important benefits for host defense and homeostasis, but can also induce potentially harmful outcomes associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, evidence suggest that the “trainers” prompting trained immunity are frequently glycans structures. In fact, the exposure of different types of glycans at the surface of pathogens is a key driver of the training phenotype, leading to the reprogramming of innate immune cells through the recognition of those glycan-triggers by a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) expressed by the immune cells. β-glucan or mannose-enriched structures in Candida albicans are some of the examples that highlight the potential of glycans in trained immunity, both in homeostasis and in disease. In this review, we will discuss the relevance of glycans exposed by pathogens in establishing key immunological hubs with glycan-recognizing receptors expressed in immune cells, highlighting how this glycan-GBP network can impact trained immunity. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and GBPs as potential targets in trained immunity, envisioning potential therapeutic applications.

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"训练有素的免疫中的糖:稳态和疾病中先天免疫记忆的教育者"
训练免疫被定义为一种生物过程,通常由外源性或内源性损伤诱发,引发与先天性免疫细胞长期适应相关的表观遗传和代谢重编程事件。这种训练有素的表型可增强对后续诱因的反应能力,从而产生先天性免疫 "记忆 "效应。在过去十年中,训练免疫揭示了对宿主防御和平衡的重要益处,但也可能诱发与慢性炎症性疾病或自身免疫性疾病相关的潜在有害结果。有趣的是,有证据表明,促使训练免疫的 "教练 "往往是糖类结构。事实上,病原体表面不同类型聚糖的暴露是训练表型的关键驱动因素,通过免疫细胞表达的各种聚糖结合蛋白(GBPs)对这些聚糖触发器的识别,导致先天性免疫细胞的重编程。白念珠菌中富含β-葡聚糖或甘露糖的结构就是其中的一些例子,它们突出了聚糖在平衡状态和疾病中训练免疫的潜力。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论病原体暴露的聚糖与免疫细胞中表达的聚糖识别受体建立关键免疫中枢的相关性,强调这种聚糖-GBP 网络如何影响训练有素的免疫。最后,我们将讨论聚糖和 GBP 作为训练有素的免疫力潜在靶点的威力,并展望潜在的治疗应用。
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来源期刊
Carbohydrate Research
Carbohydrate Research 化学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
3.20%
发文量
183
审稿时长
3.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Carbohydrate Research publishes reports of original research in the following areas of carbohydrate science: action of enzymes, analytical chemistry, biochemistry (biosynthesis, degradation, structural and functional biochemistry, conformation, molecular recognition, enzyme mechanisms, carbohydrate-processing enzymes, including glycosidases and glycosyltransferases), chemical synthesis, isolation of natural products, physicochemical studies, reactions and their mechanisms, the study of structures and stereochemistry, and technological aspects. Papers on polysaccharides should have a "molecular" component; that is a paper on new or modified polysaccharides should include structural information and characterization in addition to the usual studies of rheological properties and the like. A paper on a new, naturally occurring polysaccharide should include structural information, defining monosaccharide components and linkage sequence. Papers devoted wholly or partly to X-ray crystallographic studies, or to computational aspects (molecular mechanics or molecular orbital calculations, simulations via molecular dynamics), will be considered if they meet certain criteria. For computational papers the requirements are that the methods used be specified in sufficient detail to permit replication of the results, and that the conclusions be shown to have relevance to experimental observations - the authors'' own data or data from the literature. Specific directions for the presentation of X-ray data are given below under Results and "discussion".
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