Effect of Adding Integrated Core and Graduated Upper Limb Exercises to Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation on Sternal Instability After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effect of adding integrated core and graduated resistance upper limb exercises to an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with acute sternal instability after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Design

This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, parallel-group intervention study.

Setting

This study was conducted at the National Heart Institute.

Participants

Forty patients with post-CABG with sternal instability aged 50-60 years completed this study and were randomized into 2 groups: an intervention group (n=20) and an active control group (n=20).

Intervention

The intervention group (A) received a routine inpatient rehabilitation program from the first postoperative day plus integrated core and graduated resistance upper limb exercises, which started from the seventh postoperative day for approximately 4 weeks, whereas the control group (B) received only the routine inpatient rehabilitation program.

Main Outcome Measures

Sternal separation measured by ultrasonography, visual analog scale for measuring pain, and activities of daily living (ADL) index were main outcome measures.

Results

Patients in the intervention group (A) showed a significant reduction in sternal separation from the supine and long sitting positions, whereas those in the control group (B) showed a significant increase in sternal separation (P=.0001). Both groups showed a reduction in pain, and an increase in the ADL score was observed in group A. There was a significant interaction between the time and group effects (P=.0001).

Conclusion

Adding integrated core and graduated upper limb exercises to inpatient cardiac rehabilitation for patients with sternal instability after coronary artery bypass grafting significantly improved sternal healing, pain, and ADL.