Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna, blood meal source, and detection of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA in the Gurupi Biological Reserve, Eastern Amazon, Brazil.

Judson Chaves Rodrigues, Rosa Cristina Ribeiro-da-Silva, Antonia Suely Guimarães-E-Silva, Maxcilene da Silva de Oliveira, Bruno Leite Rodrigues, Ronayce Conceição de Jesus Serrão Pimenta, Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati, Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
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Abstract

This study was conducted in the Gurupi Biological Reserve (REBIO-Gurupi), the largest area of Amazon rainforest in Maranhão State, Brazil. The objectives were to survey the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of REBIO-Gurupi, identify blood meal sources, and investigate the presence of Leishmania (Ross, 1903) (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA. Individuals were collected using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and black and white Shannon traps in May and Jun 2022 and Jan 2023. DNA was extracted from female sand flies and subjected to amplification and sequencing of cytochrome b molecular marker (CYTB) for identification of blood meal sources and the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA for Leishmania detection. A total of 514 sand flies individuals were sampled, of which 93 were identified at the genus or series level (9 taxa) and 421 were identified at the species level (24 taxa). Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) (41.1%), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (10.3%), and Psychodopygus (Mangabeira, 1941) Chagasi Series Barretto, 1962 (9.7%) were the most frequently collected. Human (Homo sapiens, Primates, Hominidae) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) DNA was detected in 10 female sand flies. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Cunha and Chagas, 1937 DNA was detected in 2 specimens of Ps. davisi. Given the presence of vectors of Leishmania in REBIO-Gurupi, it is imperative to conduct more comprehensive studies on the interactions among sand flies, Leishmania, and pathogen reservoirs in the area.

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巴西亚马逊东部古鲁皮生物保护区中的沙蝇(双翅目:食心蝇科)动物群、血餐来源以及利什曼病(Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)DNA的检测。
这项研究是在巴西马拉尼昂州最大的亚马逊雨林地区古鲁皮生物保护区(REBIO-Gurupi)进行的。目的是调查 REBIO-Gurupi 的沙蝇(双翅目:Psychodidae)动物群,确定血食来源,并调查利什曼原虫(Ross,1903 年)(Kinetoplastida:Trypanosomatidae)DNA 的存在情况。2022 年 5 月和 6 月以及 2023 年 1 月,使用美国疾病控制中心(CDC)的灯光诱捕器和黑白香农诱捕器收集了沙蝇个体。从雌性沙蝇身上提取DNA,对细胞色素b分子标记(CYTB)进行扩增和测序,以确定血粉来源,并对核糖体DNA的第一个内部转录间隔(ITS-1)进行扩增和测序,以检测利什曼病。共采集了 514 只沙蝇样本,其中 93 只被鉴定为属或系列级别(9 个类群),421 只被鉴定为种级别(24 个类群)。最常采集到的是 Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) (41.1%)、Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (10.3%) 和 Psychodopygus (Mangabeira, 1941) Chagasi Series Barretto, 1962 (9.7%)。在 10 只雌性沙蝇中检测到了人类(智人,灵长类,人科)和貘(Tapirus terrestris,奇蹄目,貘科)的 DNA。在两只沙蝇标本中检测到了婴儿利什曼原虫(Leishmania)DNA。鉴于在 REBIO-Gurupi 存在利什曼原虫的传播媒介,必须对该地区的沙蝇、利什曼原虫和病原体库之间的相互作用进行更全面的研究。
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