Effect of burnt tire-ash (water-soluble fraction) on blood and histopathological markers in Clarias gariepinus

Adewale Adeolu , Roseline Nwose , Joshua Ekpenyong , Md. Simul Bhuyan , Elizabeth Tabi , Stanley Iheanacho , Johnny Ogunji
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Abstract

Aquatic habitats serve as pollutant reservoirs and experience massive pollution disasters due to anthropogenic pressure. The effect of the Water-Soluble Fraction (WSF) of burnt tire ash (BTA) was investigated on Clarias gariepinus juvenile using blood biomarkers as well as liver and gill histology. The model fish were exposed to 5 % (0.56 g/L), 10 % (1.12 g/L) and 20 % (2.24 g/L) of 96-hr LC50 (11.2 g/L) value of BTA sub-chronic doses during the experiment. Hematological indices, the liver, and gill histology were studied throughout the 28-day exposure study, which was followed by a 14-day post-exposure trial. The studies revealed that BTA-exposed fish had reduced red blood cells, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin levels with time, whereas white blood cells and leukocyte numbers increased. Concentration-dependent histopathologic abnormalities such as hyperplasia, telangiectasis, hemorrhage, desquamation, lamellar edema, and vacuolation were observed in the gill of the affected fish, in contrast to the control. Likewise, the presence of histopathologic abnormalities in the liver of BTA-exposed fish, such as vacuolar degeneration, hyperplasia, dilated portal vein, pyknotic nucleus formations, hypertrophy hepatocytes, and aggregated macrophages, was concentration-dependent. Following apparent histologic deformities that persisted in the tissues after recovery, healing from BTA exposure was only partial. C. gariepinus is an essential bioindicator of burnt tire ash’s ecotoxicological impact. Point and non-point traces of burnt-tire ash to the aquatic systems may harm aquatic animal species, thus necessitating preventative actions.

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烧焦的轮胎灰(水溶性成分)对金枪鱼血液和组织病理学指标的影响
水生栖息地是污染物的贮存库,在人为压力下经历着大规模的污染灾难。本研究利用血液生物标志物以及肝脏和鳃组织学研究了烧轮胎灰(BTA)的水溶性馏分(WSF)对赤鲈幼鱼的影响。实验期间,模型鱼分别暴露于 BTA 亚慢性剂量 96 小时半数致死浓度(11.2 克/升)的 5%(0.56 克/升)、10%(1.12 克/升)和 20%(2.24 克/升)。在为期 28 天的暴露研究中,对血液学指数、肝脏和鳃组织学进行了研究,随后进行了为期 14 天的暴露后试验。研究显示,暴露于 BTA 的鱼类的红细胞、充盈细胞体积和血红蛋白水平会随着时间的推移而降低,而白细胞和白血球数量则会增加。与对照组相比,受影响鱼的鳃部出现了与浓度相关的组织病理学异常,如增生、毛细血管扩张、出血、脱屑、片状水肿和空泡化。同样,暴露于 BTA 的鱼的肝脏也出现了组织病理学异常,如空泡变性、增生、门静脉扩张、脓结核形成、肝细胞肥大和巨噬细胞聚集,这些都与浓度有关。组织学上的明显畸形在恢复后仍然存在,暴露于 BTA 后的愈合只是部分的。鲤鱼是烧焦的轮胎灰对生态毒理学影响的重要生物指标。烧胎灰在水生系统中的点状和非点状痕迹可能会对水生动物物种造成危害,因此有必要采取预防措施。
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