Floppy Mitral Valve/Mitral Valve Prolapse and Manifestations Not Related to Mitral Regurgitation: Time to Search the Dark Side of the Moon.

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS Cardiology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1159/000541179

Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas, Antonios Pitsis, Cezar Iliescu, Konstantinos Marmagkiolis, Filippos Triposkiadis, Harisios Boudoulas

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Abstract

Background: Floppy mitral valve/mitral valve prolapse (FMV/MVP) is a complex entity in which several clinical manifestations are not directly related to the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR).

Summary: Patients with FMV/MVP and trivial to mild MR may have exercise intolerance, orthostatic phenomena, syncope/presyncope, chest pain, and ventricular arrhythmias, among others. Several anatomical and pathophysiologic consequences related to the abnormal mitral valve apparatus and to prolapse of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium provide some explanation for these symptoms. Further, it should be emphasized that MVP is a non-specific finding, while FMV (redundant mitral leaflets, elongated/rupture chordae tendineae, annular dilatation) is the central issue in the MVP story.

Key message: The purpose of this review is to highlight the clinical manifestations of FMV/MVP not directly related to the severity of MR and to discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to these manifestations.

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松弛的二尖瓣/二尖瓣脱垂和与二尖瓣反流无关的表现：是时候寻找月球的黑暗面了。

背景：摘要：患有软化二尖瓣/二尖瓣脱垂（FMV/MVP）和轻微二尖瓣反流（MR）的患者可能会出现运动不耐受、正心现象、晕厥/心前区不适、胸痛和室性心律失常等症状。与二尖瓣器异常和二尖瓣叶脱垂至左心房有关的一些解剖学和病理生理学后果为这些症状提供了一些解释。此外，需要强调的是，MVP 是一种非特异性发现，而 FMV（二尖瓣瓣叶冗长、腱索拉长/断裂、瓣环扩张）才是 MVP 的核心问题：本综述旨在强调与 MR 严重程度无直接关系的 FMV/MVP 临床表现，并讨论导致这些表现的病理生理机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cardiology 医学-心血管系统

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： ''Cardiology'' features first reports on original clinical, preclinical and fundamental research as well as ''Novel Insights from Clinical Experience'' and topical comprehensive reviews in selected areas of cardiovascular disease. ''Editorial Comments'' provide a critical but positive evaluation of a recent article. Papers not only describe but offer critical appraisals of new developments in non-invasive and invasive diagnostic methods and in pharmacologic, nutritional and mechanical/surgical therapies. Readers are thus kept informed of current strategies in the prevention, recognition and treatment of heart disease. Special sections in a variety of subspecialty areas reinforce the journal''s value as a complete record of recent progress for all cardiologists, internists, cardiac surgeons, clinical physiologists, pharmacologists and professionals in other areas of medicine interested in current activity in cardiovascular diseases.