Outdoor secondhand smoke exposure in public places frequented by minors in the urban area of Hangzhou City, China: A cross-sectional study.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Tobacco Induced Diseases Pub Date : 2024-09-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.18332/tid/192129

Yuhuan Sun, Dahui Wang, Yang Yi, Hongkun Chen, Yuchen Zhou, Geyao Huang, Falin Zhao

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Abstract

Introduction: Hangzhou Public Places Smoking Control Regulations (2019) have been gradually adopted, which explicitly stipulate that smoking is strictly prohibited in the outdoor areas of educational and healthcare institutions for minors. However, there are few studies reporting the exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in outdoor public places for minors in the urban area of Hangzhou City.

Methods: We aimed to assess the exposure to SHS in public spaces frequented by minors using on-site observations and questionnaires. In this cross-sectional study, the area was divided into core and non-core areas based on the spatial distribution and development process of the city. The core areas included the West Lake commercial district, extending to the Qiantang River, while non-core areas were located beyond this radius. Using stratified random sampling, 30 public places in each area were selected as observation sites. On-site observations measured SHS exposure and smoking control, and questionnaires were administered to 6 individuals at each site. The results were compared between the two investigation methods.

Results: Among the 57 valid observation points, 24.6% (14/57) did not display any no-smoking signs. Outdoor SHS exposure rate from on-site observation P1 (observing someone smoking or smelling tobacco smoke), on-site observation P2 (observing someone smoking or smelling tobacco smoke or seeing cigarette butts) and questionnaire survey P3, were 59.6% (95% CI: 45.7-72.2), 91.1% (95% CI: 79.7-96.7) and 41.0% (95% CI: 35.5-46.7), respectively.

Conclusions: The outdoor SHS exposure in areas frequented by minors in the urban district of Hangzhou City remains high, coupled with a lack of awareness of SHS risks among underage individuals. Therefore, controlling outdoor SHS exposure in these key areas is a critical public health issue in Hangzhou, requiring further tobacco control efforts. On-site observation is an important and supplementary research method to investigate outdoor SHS exposure, especially to describe the SHS exposure of focus areas.

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中国杭州市城区未成年人经常出入的公共场所的户外二手烟暴露情况：一项横断面研究。

导读：《杭州市公共场所控制吸烟条例（2019年版）》已逐步通过：杭州市公共场所控制吸烟条例（2019年）》已逐步获得通过，其中明确规定教育和医疗卫生机构的室外区域严禁未成年人吸烟。然而，很少有研究报道杭州市城区未成年人在室外公共场所的二手烟（SHS）暴露情况：方法：我们采用现场观察和问卷调查的方法，评估未成年人经常出入的公共场所的二手烟暴露情况。在这项横断面研究中，根据城市的空间分布和发展进程，我们将研究区域划分为核心区和非核心区。核心区域包括西湖商业区，一直延伸到钱塘江，而非核心区域则位于此半径范围之外。通过分层随机抽样，在每个区域选择了 30 个公共场所作为观测点。现场观察测量 SHS 暴露和控烟情况，并在每个地点对 6 个人进行问卷调查。两种调查方法的结果进行了比较：结果：在 57 个有效观察点中，24.6%（14/57）没有显示任何禁烟标志。现场观察 P1（观察到有人吸烟或闻到烟草烟雾）、现场观察 P2（观察到有人吸烟或闻到烟草烟雾或看到烟头）和问卷调查 P3 的室外 SHS 暴露率分别为 59.6% (95% CI: 45.7-72.2)、91.1% (95% CI: 79.7-96.7) 和 41.0% (95% CI: 35.5-46.7)：结论：在杭州市区未成年人经常出现的区域，室外可吸入颗粒物（SHS）暴露量居高不下，而且未成年人对SHS风险缺乏认识。因此，控制这些重点区域的室外 SHS 暴露是杭州市一个重要的公共卫生问题，需要进一步开展控烟工作。现场观察是调查室外 SHS 暴露，尤其是描述重点区域 SHS 暴露的重要补充研究方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tobacco Induced Diseases SUBSTANCE ABUSE-PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Tobacco Induced Diseases encompasses all aspects of research related to the prevention and control of tobacco use at a global level. Preventing diseases attributable to tobacco is only one aspect of the journal, whose overall scope is to provide a forum for the publication of research articles that can contribute to reducing the burden of tobacco induced diseases globally. To address this epidemic we believe that there must be an avenue for the publication of research/policy activities on tobacco control initiatives that may be very important at a regional and national level. This approach provides a very important "hands on" service to the tobacco control community at a global scale - as common problems have common solutions. Hence, we see ourselves as "connectors" within this global community. The journal hence encourages the submission of articles from all medical, biological and psychosocial disciplines, ranging from medical and dental clinicians, through health professionals to basic biomedical and clinical scientists.