Glioma stem cells remodel immunotolerant microenvironment in GBM and are associated with therapeutic advancements.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3233/CBM-230486

Xifeng Fei, Jie Wu, Haiyan Tian, Dongyi Jiang, Hanchun Chen, Ke Yan, Yuan Wang, Yaodong Zhao, Hua Chen, Xiangtong Xie, Zhimin Wang, Wenyu Zhu, Qiang Huang

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Abstract

Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Glioblastoma (GBM) is incurable with current treatment strategies. Additionally, the treatment of recurrent GBM (rGBM) is often referred to as terminal treatment, necessitating hospice-level care and management. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) gives GBM a more challenging or "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) than that of other cancers and gloma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in the TME remodeling, occurrence, development and recurrence of giloma. In this review, our primary focus will be on discussing the following topics: niche-associated GSCs and macrophages, new theories regarding GSC and TME involving pyroptosis and ferroptosis in GBM, metabolic adaptations of GSCs, the influence of the cold environment in GBM on immunotherapy, potential strategies to transform the cold GBM TME into a hot one, and the advancement of GBM immunotherapy and GBM models.

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胶质瘤干细胞重塑了胶质瘤的免疫耐受微环境，并与治疗进展有关。

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统（CNS）最常见的原发性肿瘤。目前的治疗策略无法治愈胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）。此外，复发性胶质母细胞瘤（rGBM）的治疗通常被称为终末期治疗，需要临终关怀和管理。血脑屏障（BBB）的存在使GBM的肿瘤微环境（TME）比其他癌症更具挑战性或更 "冷"，而胶样干细胞（GSCs）在GBM的肿瘤微环境重塑、发生、发展和复发中扮演着重要角色。在这篇综述中，我们将重点讨论以下主题：与龛相关的 GSC 和巨噬细胞、关于 GSC 和 TME 的新理论（涉及 GBM 中的热凋亡和铁凋亡）、GSC 的代谢适应性、GBM 中冷环境对免疫疗法的影响、将冷 GBM TME 转变为热 TME 的潜在策略，以及 GBM 免疫疗法和 GBM 模型的进展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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